2 摘摘 要要 1、提出了“异化前哲学形态”概念，用以分析说明德国古典哲学之前那些被称为异化的思想资源实际上并不具有现代异化理论的性质。 这种普遍性的误读是因为异化前形态中确实存在着和异化哲学形态相似的形式， 但这种形式只有超越传统本体论哲学的静态世界观， 进入到德国古典哲学以理性和主体性完全结合为基础构建的现代性的哲学框架中才能切实具有现代异化理论的意义。 2、考察了德国古典哲学确立起主体性和理性的根本性地位后，现代异化思想在这个基础上得以形成的历史进程， 并确认受康德所奠定的先验批判的理论模式和黑格尔奠定的辩证生成的理论模式的影响， 德国古典哲学的异化理论实际上也存在着人道主义批判和辩证生成两种不同的走向。 3、分析了异化的人道主义批判逻辑和异化的辩证生成逻辑分别对马克思造成的影响：先验批判逻辑往往构成马克思理论正义性的来源，如其人道主义和共产主义立场；辩证生成逻辑提供了马克思变革社会理论实践力量和信念的来源，如其对经济学所做的批判和唯物史观的阐述。正是两种异化逻辑结合性的存在，才形成马克思科学社会主义理论超越以往的理论深度； 但这两种异化逻辑之间除了互成性外毕竟也存在着对抗性， 因此不可避免的留给我们争论， 如 巴黎手稿的解读上的不同立场等。 4、总结了西方马克思主义存在的问题：阿多诺否定辩证法和启蒙辩证法之间的冲突，法兰克福学派普遍存在的批判深度和变革略之间的冲突，施密特和哈贝马斯关于批判理论合理性与否的争论，科学主义和人道主义的冲突，等等或者说整个现代性问题， 实际上就是异化的先验批判逻辑和异化的辩证生成逻辑必然冲突的结果。而整个现代性问题解决，需要对异化的逻辑本身的根基理性和主体性进行根本性反思。 关键词：关键词：异化 异化前哲学状态 1844 年经济学哲学手稿 3 ABSTRACT 1.Put forward the concept- “the philosophical form before alienation“ to analyse that Germanys classical philosophy that is called the alienation before thought resources was not actually have modern alienation of the nature of the theory.The widespread misreading is because that there does exist the similar former as alienation philosophy,but this kind of form only transcend traditional ontological philosophy static world view, in Germanys classical philosophy with a rational and subjectivity completely based the modernity of construction with the philosophy of the framework can really has the meaning of modern alienation theory. 2.After considering the German classicical philosophy which established subjectivity and rational fundamental position, modern alienation in the basis thought to the historical process of formation, and make sure the established by Kants transcendental critical theory model and Hegels theory of dialectical generation established model, the influence of the alienation of Germanys classical philosophy theory in fact there is also a priori group and dialectical generate two different logic trend. 3.The analysis of the alienation of dialectical logic and alienation of prior generation criticism of Marxs logic, The transcendental criticism logic is normally the source of the justice of The Marxist Theory,such as its humanitarianism and communism.Dialectical logic generated provides Marx changeing society theory and practice with the source of the power and the faith, such as the criticism of the economics and the statement of the historical materialism. It is because of the existence of the two kinds of alienation logic combination that it makes the Marxs scientific socialism theory beyond previous theory depth. But the two alienation except the similar opinions, there are also some inevitable opinions, thus it makes us debate a lot, such as the different position in “Paris manuscripts“ interpretation, etc. 4.Summarizeing the western marxist problems: adornos negative dialectics and the enlightenment of the conflict between dialectics, Frankfurt schools widespread criticism depth and change slightly conflict, schmidt and habermas about critical theory rationality or not debate, scientific socialism and humanitarian conflict, etc. In other way the whole modernity problems are actually the result of the conflict between the alienation of dialectical logic and prior critical generate logic. And the whole modernity problems solving, needed the review about the foundation of the logic of the alienation-the theory and the subjectivity. KEY WORDS: alienation 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts 4 目 录 序 言. 6 一、异化理论的危机. 6 二、如何面对异化的困境. 6 三、本文的基本架构. 7 第 1 章：异化之前哲学形态的考察. 8 1.1 关于异化之前哲学形态这一概念提出. 8 1.1.1 异化之前哲学形态的含义. 8 1.1.2 提出这一概念的动机. 8 1.1.3 考察异化哲学形态的难点和方法. 9 1.2 对异化之前哲学形态内容的具体考察. 10 1.2.1旧约中的异化之前哲学形态. 10 1.2.1.1 关于偶像崇拜的实质. 10 1.2.1.2 关于从上帝异化出去的实质. 11 1.2.1.3 总结旧约中异化的前哲学性质. 12 1.2.2 古希腊哲学中的异化之前哲学形态. 15 1.2.2.1 古希腊哲学中异化之前哲学形态对应的几个概念. 15 1.2.2.2 关于柏拉图哲学中的异化思想批判. 15 1.2.2.3 关于斯多亚学派异化思想批判. 16 1.2.2.4 关于普罗提诺异化思想批判. 18 1.2.2.5 总结过希腊哲学中异化