Harvard Style Citation and ReferencesAdapted from www.sml.hw.ac.uk/archive/./2010-11/./Cite-Ref-Harvard-Style.pptLearning OutcomesAt the end of this lesson, students are able to:Understand the appropriate citation and references using the Harvard referencing styleDemonstrate their understanding of the use of the Harvard referencing style, i.e. Books Journal Articles Electronic Resources etcWhy Cite + Ref ?Its good academic practice and enhances presentation It allows you to: acknowledge the work of others AND allows your tutor to differentiate between your own work and the work of others AND to locate the sources you have used It allows you to demonstrate that: You have gathered evidence to support your ideas/ arguments You have used credible, good quality sources Have read widely AND have read at an appropriate academic levelCitation and ReferenceIn your assignments you must demonstrate that you have used relevant, good quality sources to support your arguments by:providing in-text citations in the body of your workANDa reference list at the end of your workCitationAccording to Myers1 the reason for.The reference is presented as a footnote at the bottom of the page or at the end of your work: 1Myers, D. (2008), Construction economics: A new approach, 2nd ed., London: Taylor and Francis, p.159.Numeric styleAn in-text citation, that provides the following information: The name of the author(s)/ editor(s) of the source its date of publication AND wherever possible, the page numbers you have used material from AND A reference list that provides full details of the sources you have cited in your textHarvard style requires:According to Clegg (1985, p.543), the inter-war period was. Barter (2003, p.258) has shown that.As Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2006, p.76) point out. It has been suggested by Reed (2008, pp.30-31).Barter (2003, p.258) and Stuart (2001, p.85) note A number of authors including Smith (2008, pp.21-24) and Adams (2001, pp.165-166) have argued that*p. - page number / pp. - page numbers*Whats an in-text citation?25% of manufacturing jobs were lost in the 1980s (Jones, 1995, p.64). Several authors (Ray, 2002, p.23; Smith, 2004, p.70) conclude. A recent survey (Gordon, 2001, pp.21-28) has foundPage numbersAlways cite page numbers except if you merely wish to mention the existence of a book, journal etc. without using material from it. For example: A number of recent studies (Gray, 2002; Toms, 2004; Lee, 2008) have considered the Scottish economy in the 1990s. Whats an in-text citation?Whats a reference list?Its a list of all the sources you have cited in the text of your assignment Its presented at the end of your work in alphabetical order by author/ editor Do not list books, journals, newspapers, then websites etc. Note: a bibliography lists all of the sources you have read to help write your assignment, not just those cited in the text. When must I provide a citation?Quote directly: use another persons ideas in their words Paraphrase: present another persons ideas in your words Summarise: express another persons ideas in fewer words Use ideas, theories, facts, experiments, case studies, from a source Adopt another persons research method, survey or experiment design Use statistics, tables, diagrams etc. not just words! Quote directlyIf you present information exactly as it appears in a source, indicate this by using quotation marks:Market segmentation is where the larger market is heterogeneous and can be broken down into smaller units that are similar in character (Easy and Sorensen, 2009, p.133). ParaphraseOriginal: MPs were not paid a salary until 1912. In medieval times constituents sometimes paid their members and met some of the expenses of sending an MP to Westminster, but the practice died out by the end of the 17th century and thereafter MPs needed personal wealth or a personal patron in order to sustain a political career (Rush, 2005, p. 114.) Until the 20th century, when MPs received a salary, personal wealth or the support of a patron was essential for a long-term career in politics. Financial support for MPs had on occasion come from their constituents in the medieval period but this system had ended by the 17th century. Cite? Yes. Sentence 2 has been re-written but the meaning is the same as the originalSummariseOriginal: The proportion of manual workers in the ranks of the parliamentary Labour Party declined from 1945 to 1979, from approximately 1 in 4 to 1 in 10. Of the 412 Labour MPs elected in 2001, 12% were drawn from manual backgrounds (Criddle cited in Norton, 2005, p.23).Since 1945 the proportion of manual workers in the parliamentary Labour Party has fallen from 25% (approx.) to 12% in 2001. Cite? Yes. Sentence 1 has been shortened and rewritten but the key point is maintained No citation requiredYour own ideas, theories, arguments