计算机系统基本组成计算机系统是由软件和硬件两个部分组成计算机软件是按照用户要求，控制计算机的硬件以完成用户交给计算机的任务。计算机软件种类繁多，但可以将软件大致分为两大类：系统软件和应用软件。计算机硬件是计算机系统中实际物理装置的总称，包括主机和外部设备两个部分。从物理结构上看，主机是由电脑机箱及机箱内部的所有部件组成。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.外部设备包括输入设备、输出设备、外部存储器和通讯设备等。输入设备的作用是将计算机要处理的数据或程序送入计算机中。输出设备的作用是将计算机处理的结果，以我们能够识别的形式显示出来。外部存储器主要用来存放计算机可以处理的重要数据。通讯设备是实现众多计算机之间相互交换数据的设备。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.常见计算机类型按照计算机应用的环境将计算机分为台式计算机、笔记本计算机和服务器三种类型。（1）台式计算机：台式计算机是我们最常用的计算机，一般置于桌面上是台式机的主要特征。 （2）笔记本计算机：笔记本计算机又称便携式计算机或手提式计算机，它的主要特征是主机、键盘、显示器为一个整体。（3）服务器：与普通台式计算机相比，服务器的典型特点就是具强大的并行处理能力，具有高性能、高稳定性、高质量、高配置等特点。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.计算机维护的基本概念 计算机系统故障的查找基本方法应按照先软后硬、先外后内、先易后难的原则进行。先软后硬就是在处理故障之前，首先从软件的角度考虑、分析产生该故障的原因，排除软件原因后，再从硬件的角度分析该故障。先外后内就是发现故障后要仔细观察设备给出的出错提示、故障现象，尽可能在不拆开机器或重装系统的情况下解决问题。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.计算机维护的基本概念 先易后难就是在开始查找故障的时候，不要把问题想得太复杂，应先从简单的因素考虑，然后再逐步深入。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.软件故障分析查找方法 产生软件故障的原因有：1系统软件和应用软件本身就隐含着错误。2软件配置参数设置不当、软件版本不兼容等导致系统不能正常工作。3人为的删除系统文件、应用程序、修改注册表。4系统软件遭计算机病毒破坏。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.排除软件故障的方法是：了解用户使用情况 ，观察故障现象，分析故障原因。做好软件的日常维护工作，需要强调如下几点 ：1对重要的数据一定要定期做好备份工作 。2在删除某个应用软件时，应该使用该软 件提供的卸载程序或使用Windows中的控制面板“ 添加/删除程序”功能删除程序。3做好防范计算机病毒的工作。对付计算 机病毒的原则就是以防为主，杀毒为辅。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.硬件故障分析查找方法 1拔插法拔插法是将计算机系统中的某个部件从系统中拔出或插入，由此寻找出故障部件或故障原因的方法。这些部件 包括计算机中各种接插件和通过管座装插的集成电路芯片 。 2替换法替换法是用相同的部件替换有故障疑点的部件，然后观察故障现象变化情况，确定故障所在部件等的一种常用 而有效的方法。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3测量法测量法就是使用专业维修测量仪器，如万用表、示波器等对计算机系统各种部件和接口信号进行技术指标参数测试，从而为查找故障提供依据。测量法包括静态测量法和动态测量法两种。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides