.655. T T,t Inventor of LED LED 的发明的发明者者 【近义词】 When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of lightemitting diodes or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. 【反义词】On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 LemelsonMIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the LemelsonMIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） has given the award to prominent inventors. 【词源解析】“Anytime you get an award, big or little2, its always a surprise,“ Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5. 【相关短语】 Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, be wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. 【 派 生 词 】 Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today. But didnt realize how many uses they would have. 【近义词】 “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know,“ he said. 【词源解析】The LemelsonMIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves“ that can separate molecules by size. 【近义词】1Holonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the LemelsonMIT Prize sooner or later. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 Edith Flanigen is the only coinventor of LEDs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7The LemelsonMIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 【词源解析】当 Nick Holonyak 着手用半导体 合金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事 们都认为他不现实。今天，他发现的发光二极 管，或叫 LED,使用范围覆盖从 DVD 到机场警 钟的一切东西。 他的许多学生继续着他的工作， 发明了交通灯中使用的照明设备和其他日用技 术。 2004 年 4 月 23 日，Holonyak 在华盛顿的 一次典礼上被授予 LemelsonMIT 项目的 50 万 美元的奖金。这是麻省理工的 LemelsonMIT 项目第十年颁奖给杰出的发明人。 【相关短语】 “任何时候你得了奖，不论是大是 小，总是一分惊喜。 ”Holonyak 说。 Holonyak，75 岁，是 20 世纪 50 年代初期晶体 管的发明者 John Bardeen 的学生。从研究生院 毕业之后，Holonyak 在 Bell 实验室工作。之后 去了通用电器公司， 在那里他发明了一种开关， 现在在家用减光开关中普遍使用。 【词源解析】后来，Holonyak 开始研究何应用 半导体发电。当他的同事们正在研究如何发出 看不见的光时，他却想要看得见的光。1962 年 他发明的 LED,现在的使用寿命可以比白炽灯 泡长十倍，而且更环保、更经济。 Holonyak 现在是伊利诺伊大学电子、计算 机工程和物理专业的教授，他说他预料到 LED 的使用有可能像今天这样普遍，但没有意识到 它会有多少用途。 【派生词】 “开始的时候你并不知道，你认为你 在做一件很重要的事情，你认为它值得做，但 是你不能说出要付出多大的代价，什么时候付 出，怎样付出。你并不知道。 ”他说。 LemelsonMIT 项目同样授予 75 岁的 Edith Flanigen 10 万美元的终身成就奖，她的成就是 创造新一代的“分子筛” ，也就是可以通过大小 来分离分子。 El Nino厄尔尼诺厄尔尼诺 【近义词】While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance1, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. 【反义词】Using a computer, the researchers matched seasurface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior seasurface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. 【派生词】The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests2 El656 英 语 多 功 能 词 典英 语 多 功 能 词 典 T Nino is indeed predictable.” 【相关短语】 “This will probably convince others to search around more f