Roadmap 2050ContentsAbstract ? ? 11 Research Framework on Energy Science ? technologies with promising future only applied in a small scale are to be focused on, researched and to strive for a breakthrough; ? technologies with significant demand in the future but are still under research and discovery are to be independently innovated and researched; ? technologies with mature and large-scale application, such as hydroelectric power, will not be taken into account; ? for the various factors that aff ect the development of energy technology, the pathway will follow the sequence of priority as “resource contribution environment innovation feasibility economy”. Energy Science energy science missions refer to the tasks to be fulfilled in order to meet the scientifi c needs and technological objectives; energy technology options mean the consideration of what kind of energy technological support we need to complete the task of science; research and development plans mean to select key technology R policies and resource guarantee refers to the needs of personnel, financial, and material resources guarantee and management on the way to complete the energy science and technology objectives. 3) Time node. Time nodes refer to a certain objective to be achieved at a target time. Th e development of energy science and technology roadmap is set for the time span between now and 2050, including three times node at the year 2020, 2035 and 2050. At diff erent time nodes, the choice for characteristics and technologies varies. Th e objective to be fulfi lled by 2020 will focus on the integration and enhancement of existing mature technologies; by 2035, on key technological breakthroughs, demonstration and application; by 2050, on forward-looking and innovative technologies. 7 Roadmap 20501 Research Framework on Energy Science put forward the needs and tackle the problem of the key issues on the basis of full imagination about the future transportation, construction, industrial and other economic and social development of rural areas. Phase two. For a major demand for energy and the key issues, we take full advantage of the phase characteristics of energy technologies, give attention to both the level and the speed of international energy technology development, and put forward directions and technologies able to guide scientific and technological progress of China s energy, the development of China s national energy industry and the tremendous energy needs of China. For technologies at different level of maturity, our basic principle to select the energy science and technology roadmap is as follows: technologies developed independently but unable to meet the needs of technology in time will be digested and absorbed; technologies with promising prospects but have technical problems or no application will be researched and strive for a breakthrough; technologies with large demand in the future but are still in the potential forefront of science will be researched and innovated independently; 9 Roadmap 20501 Research Framework on Energy Science the second step is to redouble the gross domestic product by the year of 2000, and to help people achieve lives with level of well-off society; the third step is to realize basic modernization by the mid-21st century. By the end of the 20th century, with 20 years development, China s social and economic situation have changed profoundly: fi rstly, the country s economic strength was improved, according to comparable price, the gross domestic product in 2000 was more than 6 times of the figure in 1980, with an annual average growth rate of more than 9 percent; secondly, with the speeded-up process of industrialization, the industrial structure developed from low-level to senior and from the serious imbalance to the basic and reasonable direction, the proportion of fi rst industry declined and the complete industrial system was built, China has transformed from the early stages of industrialization into the medium term; thirdly, people have become well-off . In the 1980s century, China had basically solved the problem of food and clothing, and stepped forward 12 Energy Science secondly, to speed up the urbanization process and promote the transfer of the rural population to non-agricultural industries, in 2020 urbanization rate will be more than 55%, and it is expected to reach 75% in 13 Roadmap 20502 Trend and Key Issues of Chinas Energy Development to 20502050; thirdly, to develop an open economy, actively participate in international cooperation and competition with a larger scope, wider area and a higher level. During the period from 2001 to 2007, results of the actual development of China surpassed the target to be met, with an average annual growth rate of more than 9%. By 2020, more than 1.4 billion people will establish well- off society and the