英汉比较差异之二静态v. s 动态英语：静态（Static）汉语：动态（Dynamic）例：他篮球打得不错。He is a good basketball player翻译词法篇：词性转换一：名词转译成动词 1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词 例1：In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.译： 在中国，许多人注重讲礼貌。例2：Rockets have found application for the exploration of universe.译： 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。二：加后缀“-er”的名词转译成动词例1：He is a good singer. 译：他唱歌唱地不错。例2：This old photo is the reminder of my beautiful days of puppy love with my girlfriend. 译：这张老照片令我回想起和女友初恋 的那段美好时光。三：介词短语转译成动词例1：We will build up the government of the people, for the people and by the people.译：我们要创建一个民有、民享、民治 的政府。例2：The hunter went into forest with a gun in his hand.译：猎人手里提着枪走进森林。四：含有动作意味的名词转译为动词特别注意：英语中“A of B”结构例：A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.译：仔细地研究原文会让你翻译地 更好。英语长难句分析及隐含逻辑关系他喝醉了酒。 He was drunk. 他开车开得飞快。 He drove the car rapidly. 这差点要了他的命。 It almost took his life. His rapid driving almost took his life. His rapid drunk-driving almost took his life.英汉比较差异之三抽象v.s 具体 英语：抽象（Abstract）汉语：具体（Concrete）例： “他读过两年书，我们都说他一肚子墨水。 ” “别死撑了，你这纯粹是打肿脸充胖子。” “你今儿怎么这么兴奋，跟打了鸡血似的。 ” “ 词汇和语法成了我英语学习的拦路虎。”他一肚子墨水：he is knowledgeable.打肿脸充胖子：beyond ones depth打鸡血：become exciting/uplifting/stimulating拦路虎：obstruction例：After all preparation made, our meeting will start.译：所有的准备工作完成后，我们的会议即 将开始。例：The bilateral relationship of both countries has fallen into tension.译：两国的双边关系陷入到了紧张的局势 中。抽象名字增词法to innovate 革新-innovation 革新措施 to evolve进化-evolution进化过程 to solve解决-solution解决方法 to derive 推导-derivation推导过程 to persuade说服-persuasion说服工作 to prepare准备- preparation准备工作 backward落后-backwardness落后状态 tense紧张-tension紧张局势 arrogant自满-arrogance自满情绪 mad疯狂-madness疯狂行为英语笔语体语言特点 客观 抽象 凝练 你真令我失望！ You really make me feel disappointed! You really disappoint me ! You are a real disappointment of me!抽象化名词词性转译 （语法隐喻Grammatical Metaphor）动词动词 短句 （I love you）VS形容词词短句（Im happy）AS名词短语 Noun Phrase名词词化Nominalization例1.他风趣幽默，每个人都喜欢他。 He is humorous, and everyone likes him. He is humorous His humor Everyone likes him popularity His humor wins popularity. 例2一看到那棵树，我便想起了我的童年。When I saw the tree, it reminded me of my childhood.The sight of the tree reminded me of my childhood.例3如果你对美国文化有所了解的话，你就能很 好的理解这篇文章。If you know something about American culture, youll better understand this article.Knowledge of American culture leads to better understanding of this article.例3.The discovery of a knife in his possession leads people to suspect that he is murderer.People discover that he possesses a knife, which leads them to suspect that he is murderer.People discover that he possesses a knife, therefore it leads them to suspect that he is murderer.译文：人们发现他拿着一把刀，因此此怀疑他就 是杀人凶手。英汉比较差异之四人称v.s 物称英语：物称（Impersonal）汉语：人称（Personal）例：突然间我想到了个主意。 译：An idea suddenly struck me.一.非灵主语例：突然间，我感到了一阵恐惧。 译：Suddenly fear seized me.例：走在街上，突然间我被一辆红色跑车吸引。 译：When I was walking on the street, a red racing car caught my eyes.例：走在地毯上一点声音都没有。 译：The carpet almost killed the sound of my footstep.例：透过窗户，可以看到校园美丽的风景。 译：The window offers me the beautiful view of whole campus.二.变换句型结构 SV that Its + Ved that e.g. 如今人们普遍认为，大多数大学生应该提 升自身心理素质。 Recently people widely believed that most of college students should improve their own psychological health. Recently, Its widely believed that most of college students should improve their own psychological health. SV that There be 结构如今越来越多的人意识到中国的离婚率更高 了。Recently more and more people are aware of higher divorce rate in China.Recently there has been increasing awareness of higher divorce rate in China.英汉比较差异之五间接v.s 直接英语：间接（Indirect）汉语：直接（Direct）绝对意识 教训性口吻双重否定： 否定词 + 含有否定意味的词（hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely, little, few, avoid, fail to）e.g. 猫总能使人感到着迷。(NCE L9)Cats never fail to fascinate human being.任何人都会受到广告的影响。(NCE L26)No one can avoid being influenced by the advertisements. 否定词 + withoute.g. 这俩人一见面肯定要打架。They never meet each other without a fight.e.g. There is no smoke without fire.有烟的地方肯定起火了。无风不起浪。最高级e.g. 我此时此刻感觉最冷。I never feel colder than ever before right now.e.g. 环境保护是当前最紧迫的问题。Environmental protection is the most urgent issue nowadays.No issue is more urgent than environmental protection nowadays.