阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:n(1)理解文章主旨要义n(2)理解文中具体信息n(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义 n(4)作出简单判断和推测n(5)理解文章的基本结构n(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度n任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章 的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章 的主旨要义。从这一段或这个句子读者会知道 文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，也会 了解作者希望读者了解主题哪些方面的内容。 有时则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试 题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力， 它对考生的归纳、概括能力(如确定文章的标 题)有一定的要求。高考阅读理解“主旨要义题”通常是考查考生选 择恰当的标题、概括中心思想和段落大意的 能力. 主旨要义题要求考生具有很强的话语篇章把握能力和 分析能力，能够从全局的角度对文章括以总领，梳 清脉络。可以说，对阅读理解主旨题的把握能力决 定了阅读这个整体题项的成败，它也是衡量阅读水 平高低的一个重要标尺。所以，如果我们在这个题 上能够取得突破，就等于是攻克了阅读当中最顽固 的堡垒，其它类型的题也就不在话下了。所谓主旨 大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(主题思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)拟题。 尽管题型或用词不尽相同，但所针对的都是段落（ 或短文）的主旨大意。以下是针对段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型： 1. What is the main idea of this paragraph(passage)? 2. What is the authors main point? 3. The main idea (central thought)of the paragraph (passage) is_. 4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5. What does the paragraph (passage)mainly suggest? 6. The main point of the paragraph(passage) is_. 7. The paragraph (passage)centers on the point that_. 8. The author seems to be especially interested in_. 9. The topic sentence of the paragraph(passage)? 10. What topic is treated in this paragraph(passage)?11. What the paragaph (passage) tells us would be summarized by the sentence? 12. The best summary of the paragraph (passage) is that 13. The paragraph (passage) informs us that- 14. We can infer from the paragraph (passage) that- 15. What does this paragraph (passage) imply? 16. What is the subject of this paragraph (passage)? 17. Which of the following can be concluded from the information presented in this paragraph (passage)? 18. What conclusion can be drawn from this paragraph ? 19. The (main) subject of the paragraph (passage) is_? 20. Which of the following best states the theme of paragraph (passage)?在各类英语考试阅读理解题中，主旨要义 题所占比例较大，几乎每一文章都设 一个主旨题。出题者意在通过此题考查考 生语篇能力。那么，怎样才能准确地把握 住短文的主旨大意呢？从以下的实例说明 我们便可得到满意的回答。 抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。 主题句 往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用 ，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往 直接可从主题句中找到答案。 Can you find out the topic sentence?vThe panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 抓住了主题句，文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。vOne dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable（合理的）, but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge. The best title for the passage should be_ . v A. The Value of Knowledge v B. Helpless Workers v C. The Expensive Machine v D. The Lucky Factory v 文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主题句，也 就是文章的标题，即：The Value of Knowledge“知识的价值“，A为正确答案。 主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：略读法(skimming)是理解全文大意的快速而有效 的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下 ，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得 足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去 做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文 章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点 的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径 。在做题时要注意以下步骤：v1先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解 题目类别和提问方式。v2再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。v3以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图 等其他深层次问题。此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、 where、how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某 段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答：如： The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words “job search“or“employment“to find the websites you need. （ ）What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet? A. To type in “job search“ to find the websites. B. To write a good resume. C. To prepare for an interview D. To get an English dictionary 这是一道典型的事实询问题，因为它的答案可以 直接从文段中找到。根据第二句话，可以得知A 为正确答案。 在一篇文章中，细节的描写一般有五种类型，事实 性细节， 描写性细节，说明性细节，比较活对比性细节 以及说理性细节.n1事实性细节 这类细节描写指作者在叙述某事时 使用的事实或数据 。如2006年 全国高考I A 篇 Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these. 2描写性细节 这类细节描写通常是用来表达某种情 绪与感情或某种印象，叙述亲眼目睹的一些事情等 06全国n pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when youre wrong even if youve been wronged. Over the course of friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes wrong. Third, see things from your friends point of view(观点). And finally, accept that friendships changes as our needs and lifestyles(生 活方式) change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture( 培养). n3 说明性细节 这类细节描写在作者以解说 或介绍的方式来说明事物或告诉人们如何 做事，这类细节条理清楚，过度自然，因 此在这类细节描写中常出现一些过渡词， 如： first, second ,finally, also ,for example ,for instance ,otherwise ,moreover ,therefore ,on the contrary ,on the other hand ,then ,now 等。nAttitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the