GRE ARGUMENTCCCONGGMAIL.COM备考要点一、熟悉题库，每道题都列提纲，找出逻辑漏洞，掌握其分析技巧；二、学会现成语言套路：尤其是开头段和结尾段；三、充分利用原题词汇和表达，加快写作速度；四、在上考场前至少练20篇文章；整体结构第1段：归纳论点、论据，指明逻辑 漏洞第2段第4（5）段：分类攻击各个 逻辑错误结尾段：总结归纳，可给出改进手 段ARGUMENT 破题Argument主体大段三要素；1.论点(assertion)：注意信号词should, so, therefore, consequently, hence, thus2.论据(evidence)：多用调查、例子、数据等3.假设(assumption)：阶段性结论（往往隐式，也使用信号词- therefore, thus, hence等）如何写开头段:Conclusion + concession+ Evidence+ EvaluationMerely based on unfounded/unreliable/fallacious assumptions and questionable/dubious/suspicious /unsubstantiated evidence, the author/arguer draws the conclusion that _. To substantiate (support) this conclusion, the arguer points out/cites _ as evidence.In addition (Additionally), the author indicates (infers) that _. Furthermore, he cites the result of a recent survey (_ as a typical example) in support (favor) of this recommendationAt first glance (让步逻辑 )/admittedly/concededly, this argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed. From the logical perspective, this argument suffers from N logical flaws.In this argument, the author concludes/makes a conclusion about _ that _. To support his conclusion, the author points out that _. In addition, he infers that _. Furthermore, the arguer cites _ as a typical example in support of this recommendation. However, these alone do not constitute a logical argument in favor of its conclusion.Failing to provide more convincing/solid support, this argument is by no means invulnerable/cogent.如何写正文段正文段数量：34段（每段攻击一个逻辑错误）如何写正文段段落之间保持连贯：善用逻辑连逻辑连 接结结构Firstly, secondly, lastlyThe major questionable assumption in the argument ; Another problematic postulation is; Additionally, the arguer groundlessly presumes 正文段首句1. The threshold/first and foremost/fundamental problem with this argument is that _.2. Another problem that weakens the logic of this argument is that _.3. Lastly, it is necessary to point out the last flaw involved in this argument that _.正文段顺序攻击逻辑错误攻击逻辑错误之间的顺序顺序式攻击主次式攻击让步式攻击（逻辑排列）A不成立 即便A成立，B也不成立 即便A、B成立，C也不成立论证方式例证法：for example，for instance假设法/假想推测法：if it turns out that then /suppose then/it might well happens that then in this case/it is perfectly possible that /perhaps that/chances are that in that case/ under such circumstances/scenario, 让步法：While it may be true that /although _ can bring about /granted that/unfortunately/nevertheless/however/ it does not necessarily follow that/it is not guaranteed that论证方式定义攻击法：evidence中的关键概念不清或错误反证法：假设argument正确，推出与argument提供数据相矛盾之 结论无证据攻击：argument未提供evidence的来源，因此evidence自 然失去credibility如何写结尾段Evaluation + Concession + possible improvement（虚拟语气 ）To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate his claim that _, because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong (credible) support to what the arguer maintains. To convince the _, he needs to provide more convincing/solid/reliable/substantial evidence concerning _.结尾段：POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTSTo make the argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more information in/with regard to _. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that _. If the argument had included more information/more reliable _ in/with regard to _, it would have been more thoroughly and logically acceptable.SAMPLE-A1616、In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating, and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the rivers water and the rivers smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is, therefore, sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this years budget to riverside recreational facilities.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.ARGUMENT 1616、In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating, and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the rivers water and the rivers smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is, therefore, su