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英语的五种基本句型训练 以下五种基本句式是任何英 语句子的基本组成部分,其他如定 语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加 部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式 ,当遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这 些基本句式进行分析,对句子的理 解也就变得容易多了。1.主语 系动词 表语这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下 列两类: (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有 :be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, sit, stand, lie, keep, remain, stay,等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词 有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等.1.Mr.Brown is an engineer. 2.Gradualy he became silent. 3.She remained standing for a hour. 4.The question remained unsolved. 5.The machine is out of order. 6.The television was on. 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret. 8.The question is what you want to do.名词形容词现在分词过去分词介词短语副词不定式从句注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语, 在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 Im happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example.形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词 ,不定式,介词,从句都可以放在某 些连系动词后做表语。2. 主语谓语(1)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动 词,这些动词常见的有:take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise, hang等等。1.The sun is rising. 2.Ill try. 3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语, 修饰不及物动词sleep) 4.The engine broke down.(2)有些动词如wash, sell, burn, write, clean, draw, cook, read等等 可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质 。注意:在此句型中,有少数不及 物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本 身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。1.The book sells well. 2.The pen writes smoothly. 3.Cheese cuts easily.3主语 谓语宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者 可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句 子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作 宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词 不定式、动名词或从句。1.Do you know these people (them)? 2.I cant express myself in English. 3.He smiled a strange smile. 4.We cant afford to pay such a price. 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.名或代词反身代词同源宾语不定式动名词句子只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:afford,agree,choose,decide,demand ,desire,determine, fail,hope,manage ,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise ,refuse,seek,threaten,wish,arrange ,learn,etc. 动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge( 承认),admit,appreciate(感激),avoid ,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent ,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep, mind,practice,quit(放弃),risk,( cant)stand,suggest,advise等; 动词短语有: go on,give up,put off,feel like 等。4. 主语谓语间接宾语 直接宾语后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间 接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一 般表物。这类词常有award, give, offer , bring, buy ,show等. 这类句型有三种情况 。 He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me. She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为toto引导的短语引导的短语 She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk song for us. She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为forfor引导的短语引导的短语 。 Tell him Im out. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives? 第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当 。5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足 语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容 的。通常放在宾语的后面。如:The news made me excited. 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。A . 不定式前带 to常用的动词有:advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, per suade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require,tempt, enable, lead, instruct 等,以及表示 “情感 状态“的动词 love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带to 的不定式作补语.1 1)、不定式作宾补)、不定式作宾补1.What do you advise me to do?(不定式 做宾补) 2.We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补) 3.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 4.He believed her to be telling the truth.( 不定式的进行式做宾补)B . 不定式前不带 to表示 “感觉“的动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel 等和三个表示 “致使“的动词 make, have, let 后面跟不带to的不定式作 补语.Did you notice him come inDid you notice him come in?( (不带不带toto的不的不 定式做宾补定式做宾补) )C . 不定式为to be在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be, 如:believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。1. 这个答案证明是错的。 2. 我认为他是一个好学生。(think)1.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补) 2.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 3.He believed her to be telling the truth.( 不定式的进行式做宾补)分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾 语构成“主谓关系“,用现在分词;如 果构成“动宾关系“,则用过去分词。 常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有: find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch,make, leave等 。2 2)、分词作宾补)、分词作宾补1.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词 做宾补) 2.He watched the piano carried upstairs.( 过去分词做宾补)常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补 )3 3)、形容词作宾补)、形容词作宾补常用名词作宾补的动词有:find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等They called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补) 4 4)、名词作宾补)、名词作宾补常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有: consideras, treatas, regardas, look onas, haveas, takeas, think ofas等1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。5 5)、由)、由asas构成的短语作宾补构成的短语作宾补此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成 ,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。它其 实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语。 Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有 时态和情态变化。如,6 6There beThere be 句型句型现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be. 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。
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