按句子的结构分：简单句、并列句和复合句一、并列句由两个或两个以上由并列连接词连在一起的简单 句称为并列句。常用的并列连词有：1. 连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also，neithernor等 。Eg. The teachers name is Bob, the students name is John.and2. 表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror， otherwise等。Eg. Shall we go out to the cinema shall we stay at home?3. 表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。Eg. He was a little man with thick glasses, he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他个子矮小，戴着厚厚的眼镜，但他却能用一种奇特的方 法使他的课生动有趣。orbut4. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so(所以，因此 ), for（因为）等。Eg. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, every day I work from dawn until dark.so用合适的连词填空：1. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you.2. He hleps me do the cleaning_ I hlep him with his physics.3. The car broke down, _ we had to find a telephone.4. Do the job yourself _ ask others for help.5. It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet. butandsoorfor将两个简单句合并为并列句1. It has no mouth. It can talk.2. You must tell the truth. You will be punished.3. He has many good friends. He is an hoest man.4. Mr. Li went to his hometown. Mr. Wang was taking his calss instead.It has no mouth, but it can talk.You must tell the truth, or youll be punished.He has many good friends, for he is an honest man.Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking class instead.二、复合句1. 概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以 上的从句构成。从句通常由关联词引导，关联词 将从句和主句联系在一起。2. 分类：按其在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从 句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从 句）、定语从句和状语从句。主语从句Eg. How much income we can expect this year is not yet known.我们今年能有多少收入还不知道。Who will go is not important.谁将去并不重要。表语从句Eg. The answer is that he is one of the top three physicists in his particular field.答案是：在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之 一。宾语从句Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates.科学家解释说，地球的表层是由许多不同的板块构成的。定语（attributive 或 attribute）修饰或限定名词或代词用的；通常由形容词 、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动 名词、分词或从句等担当。This is a difficult problem.She is a very beautiful girl.I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.School is a place where we can realize our dream.同位语（appositive） 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释；通常由名 词、代词或从句等担任。This is Mr. Zhou，our headmaster. Word came that our team won the game. There came a piece of news that the war broke out.同位语从句(对名词的内容进行解释、说明)The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.定语从句（对名词进行修饰限定）The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。辨析：1. The news that he told me is not true. The news that the war borke out made people worried.2. The fact that his son died in the war made him hopeless. The fact that they are talking about is unbelievable.定语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句状语（adverbial）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用的；通常 由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等 担任。状语通常分为时间，地点，方式，程度， 原因，目的，结果，条件，让步状语等。He runs fast.In order to get the first bus, he got up very early.He sat there with a book in his hand.If you study hard, you will succeed.状语从句Listen and be quiet while others are talking!在别人说话时要听着，保持安静！Go back where you come from.回到你来的地方去。You can tell me if you need help.如果你需要帮助，你就告诉我。判断下列句子含有哪种从句，并用横线标出1. When you see him, please say hello to him.2. Is he the man who wants to see you?3. I want to know what he has told us.4. The fact is that we have lost the game.5. What he wants to tell us is not clear.6. While I agree with you, I cant go with you.7. He waited until I returned.8. Where there is a will, there is a way.9. I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house. 10. He hid his storybook so that his teacher couldnt find.陈述句&一般疑问句1. 用以陈述事实或情况的句子叫陈述句。2. 用以提问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号 。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选 择疑问句、反意疑问句。一、一般疑问句一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属 实，需要对方给予肯定（yes）或否定（no ）回答，读时用升调，它的基本结构为：（1）be+主语+其他？（2）助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语（动词原 形）+其他?使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在 人称、时态和数上保持一致。Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词作否定回答时，通常是：No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not.Not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。Eg.(1) I am a doctor.否定句：I am not a doctor.一般疑问句Are you a doctor?-Yes, I am./ No, Im not.(2) Tom can swim.Tom cant swim.Can Tom swim?-Yes, he can./ No, he cant.(3) She has finished her homework.She has not (hasnt) finished her homework.Has she finished her homework?Yes, she has./ No, she hasnt.若陈述句的谓语动词为实意动词，则找出相 对应的助动词（do/does/did），在其后加 not，再将谓语动词变为原形。Eg.(1) I like swimming.I dont like swimming.Do you like swimming?Yes, I do./ No, I dont.(2) He went to Japan last week.He didnt go to Japan last week.Did he go to Japan last week?Yes, he did./ No, he didnt.(3) She likes reading.She doesnt like reading.Does she like reading?Yes, she does./ No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时 不能使用yes或no， 读降调。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词词组。1. 疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提 问，有what（对“物”提问），which(哪一个)， whose（谁的），whom（宾格“谁“）Eg. Miss Gao is my teacher.Is Miss Gao your teacher? Who is your teacher?2. 疑问副词：用于对状语提问，有when(何时)，where （何地），why（为什么）和how（怎样）等。Eg I came here in 2005.Did you come here in 2005?When did you come here?3. 疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等。Eg The concert will begin in 20 minutes.Will the concert begin in 20 min