外研版 高一 (1) Module 4Grammar 山东 王红燕现在完成时(Present perfect tense) (一) 现在完成时的基本用法： 1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I have finished my work.We have set up many new factories.2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、影响等。Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”?Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.3. 表示动作发生在过去, 并且一直持续 到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中 使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。We havent seen each other for ten years. Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语 从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。 e.g. Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it. (二) 使用现在完成时的句型 1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词 、短语、从句, 其中从句用一般过去时) 2) 现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语 3) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：It is three years since I began to work on the farm.Its a long time since I saw you last.现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作 对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不发生联系, 它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书 ) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国)(四) 终止性动词与延续性动词： 1. 终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态, 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常 用的动词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等1. - How are you today?- Oh, I _ as ill as I do today for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent feltExercises: 2. - _ David and Vicky _married?- For about three years.A. How long have; been B. How long have; got C. How long were; being D. How long did; get3. It is the third time you _ late this week.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. are arriving 4. - Did you enjoy your holiday?- Wonderful. It is years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since5. When I was at college, I _ three foreign languages, but I _all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten6. - Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.- I _ right here. But now itsgone.A. did you put; have put B. had you put; was puttingC. have you put; put D. were you putting; have put7. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. was going down D. has gone down 8. They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon, but they _ a decision so far.A. didnt reach B. wont arrive at C. havent come to D. all above9. I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.When and where _ you _ it?A. do; buy B. did; buy C. have; bought D. had; bought10. I heard the peasants here _ very poor in the past. Yes, but there _ great changes in the past few years.A. were; were B. have been; have been C. have been; were D. were; have beenmovedComplete the conversation. Use the preset tense of the verbs in brackets, andfor or since where appropriate. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike. Mike: I havent seen your brother around for a long time. _ he _ (move) to a new neighborhood? HasKate: No, he _ _ (move) to a new country! He _ _ (be) in Australia _ last year. Mike: Australia! Thats great country. _ you ever _ (be) there?hasnt moved has been sinceHave beenKate: No, I _ never _ (be) there, but I _ _ (decide) to go later this year. Mike: Great! _ your brother _ (send) you any photos _ he moved there?have have decidedHas sincebeensent Kate: Yes, in fact, I _ just _ (receive) some. Here they are. This is his new house. He _ recently _ (finish) decorating it.receivedhas finishedhave