形容词副词 比较级与最高级延安中学石小平形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语 。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语. 一、形容词和副词的概念形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的 名词之前。如: a new book, two big trees 等。二、形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词be 、look、 get、 keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 grow、 smell等之后。 如:1.I am short. 2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定 代词后面。 如:something interesting nothing new副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之 前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。 如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词）2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词）3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词）4.We play happily. （修饰动词）通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。 slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _slowlyusually easilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrilybigbiggerLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解Look at the pictures and understand 看图并理解bigbiggerbiggestfastLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解fastfasterLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解fastfasterfastestLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解三、形容词和副词的级形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级 1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small, good, pretty, big, manyhard, happily, slowly, quickly 程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容 词和副词的原级。如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting run quickly asas ,(与一样） not as（so)as （与不一样）中间用原级。 The story is as interesting as that one. The question is not as / so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示表示“ “较较” 或或“ “更更一些一些” ”。标志词：than (比） 单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词 通常在之前加more.如:smaller, better, taller, older, more, hardermore interesting , more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较 。标志词：in+大范围, of all, of +the+具体 的数字表示表示“ “最最”的意思。的意思。（两者以上用最高级） 单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节 词通常在之前加most. 在形容词的最高级前必须 加the;副词之前可以不加。如 ：smallest, tallest, newest, best,most interesting, most difficultly 一、 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高 级的规则变化： 1、一般直接在词尾加er; est talltaller-tallest lightlighter-lightest 2、以字母e结尾的直接加r; st nicenicernicest finefinerfinest 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要变y为i再加er; est heavyheavierheaviest busybusier-busiest 4、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形 容词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加er; est thinthinner-thinnesthothotterhottest bigbiggerbiggest形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成二、多音节及部分双音节比较级和最高级规 则变化：1、多音节形容词或部分双音节形容词变比较级在 前面加more,最高级在前加mostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful importantmore importantmost beautiful2、由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是 在该词前加-more/most.quicklymore quickly(the) most quicklydifficultlymore difficultly(the) most difficultly二、多音节及部分双音节比较级和最高级 规则变化： 3、单音节形容词，加more, most 构成比较级和最 高级。 glad more glad most gladpleased more pleased most pleasedtired more tired most tiredoften-more often- most often4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或 est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more 和most构 成比较级和最高级。friendly huge calm free true clever三、不规则形容词的比较级最高级 原 级级比 较较 级级最 高 级级 good / wellbetterbest many / muchmoremost littlelessleast ill / bad / badlyworseworst farfarther / furtherfarthest / further oldolder / elderoldest / eldest注：older 一般指年龄大小； My father is older than my mother.elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语); My elder brother is a driver. farther指距离更远； further指抽像的. I want to study English further.further reading1两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标 志词than。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 在含有than的比较级中，比较对象必须是同一范畴在比较级前面使用much，a lot、even、still、a bit,表示程度“强得多”。 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite, so, too一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 注意：形容词、副词比较级的用法2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. It is getting cooler and cooler. The wind became more and more heavily.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.3Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ?如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend. The sooner，the better.5. is the +比较级 + of the two.Tom is the taller of the two boys. 6. 表示数量倍数的比较级用法：. 数量 + 比较级 than . A + be + 序数词 +比较级+ than + B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 如：My father is three years older than my mother.形容词、副词最高级的用法Shenzhen is one of the biggest cities in China1、the+最高级+ of/in (三者及以上范围的)2、one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 + in/ofMy mother is the busiest in my family形容词、副词最高级的用法4、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ? 3、the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + in/ofThe Yellow River is the second longest river in ChinaWhich is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?原级、比较级、最高级的替换比较级：Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.=Tom is taller than the other boys in his class.最高级：Tom is the tallest boy in his class.原级：No one is as tall as Tom in his class.1.The new building is higher than the old one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用 名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比， 物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称， 特别注意在than或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现 的替代词 that ，those, one ,ones. 3.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is. She is five years older than I am.I drink more tea than he (does).than前后句子的时态相同。通常用be动词 情态动词can, may, must,