高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练独立主格结构独立主格结构 王建强王建强独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短 语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴 随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多 用于书面语中。1表示时间：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.Our work having been finished, we went home.The signal given, the bus started.The meeting (being) over, we left the room.2表示原因：It being Sunday, the library was closed.The weather being fine, we went for a walk.There being no buses, we had to walk home.The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 3表示条件：Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.Weather permitting, they will start at six tomorrow morning.4表示伴随情况或补充说明：Last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand.The children were making a snowman, hands red with the cold.I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out. 注：这种表示伴随情况的独立结构，有时也可用注：这种表示伴随情况的独立结构，有时也可用“ “with with + +宾语宾语+ +分词分词 （或形容词、介词短语）（或形容词、介词短语）” ”构成的短语来代替。构成的短语来代替。with + with + 复合宾语复合宾语一、一、 形式：形式：1with + 名词（或代词）+ 现在分词He fell asleep with the lamp burning.You cant leave here with the machine running.With him taking charge of the task, I have no doubt of its success.With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. 2with + 名词（或代词）+ 过去分词The old man was listening to the radio, with his eyes half closed.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.With the trees grown tall, we can get more shade.With the work finished, all of us went out for a walk.He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.3with + 名词（或代词）+ 动词不定式I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.With so many books to read, I couldnt go out with you.With only two minutes to go, they hurried to the station.With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 4with + 名词（或代词）+ 介词短语He walked along with his hat on the back of his head.He simply stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face.He was asleep with his head on his arms.She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.5with +名词（或代词）+形容词The man was sleeping with the window open.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full. 6with +名词（或代词）+副词With John away, weve got more room.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession with nothing on.The student listened to his teacher with his head down.With the teacher there, he cant write.二、二、 功能：功能：1作状语 表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：The day is bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.With three people away ill, well have to close the office this afternoon.What a lonely world it would be with you away. 2作定语（with相当于having,该结构可改成带有have的定语从句）The new building with its windows facing south is our office.Some were poor, with not even a raincoat to protect them from the weather.The young man wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest.