1第三讲第三讲 名词和主谓一致名词和主谓一致 PartPart 真题变式体验12017全国卷They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the _(attack)答案：attackers 根据提示词前面的 the 可知，此处应填名词，同时结合前面的natural enemies 可知，应使用复数形式。attack 的名词形式是 attacker。故填attackers。22017天津高考My eldest son, whose work_(take) him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案：takes 定语从句的主语 whose work 是单数概念，因此根据主谓一致，谓语动词也用单数形式 takes。句意：我长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。32017全国卷 Moran says one of the problems with jazz today _(be) that the entertainment aspect of the music_ (lose)答案：is; has been lost 结合第一个空格前面的“one of the problems with jazz today”可知，主语是“之一” ，且本句描述爵士乐面临的现状，谓语动词使用is。第二个空格的主语是 the entertainment aspect of the music 也属于单数概念，同时指音乐的娱乐性方面已经被失去，因此使用 has been lost。 42017江苏高考Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries,_(face) new challenges from the modern market.答案：are facing 分析句子结构可知，having developed . centuries 作状语，本句的主语是复数概念的 many Chinese brands，因此设空处应为句子的谓语，结合句意，“正在面临着” ，故填 are facing。52014湖南高考All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.2答案：is 根据题干可知，all 指代的是 a small piece of land，所以谓语动词要用单数。整句话的语境为一般现在时，故填 is。62015江苏高考Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ (apologize)答案：apologies 由提示词前的介词 with 和形容词性物主代词 my 可知，此处应填apologize 的名词形式。apology 为“致歉”含义时，通常用复数形式。72016浙江高考It is important to pay your _ (electric) bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.答案：electricity 根据 your 及 bill 可知，此处应填 electric 的名词形式electricity，表示所修饰名词的目的和用途。82015湖南高考It is important to remember that success_ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often_ (take) years to achieve.答案：is; takes 由整句话语境可判断此处用一般现在时。that 引导的宾语从句的主语 success，意为“成功” ，为不可数名词，两空是并列谓语，故都用单数。92015福建高考China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which _ (show) that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.答案：shows 由整句话语境可判断此处用一般现在时。空格所在句子为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 指代整个主句的内容，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填 shows。102015湖北高考He gave himself a new name to hide his _ (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.答案：identity 句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务时，他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。由句意可知，空格处应用名词 identity 表示“身份” 。 PartPart 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2017全国卷There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) _61_ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _62_ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _63_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt _64_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As _65_ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even _66_ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by _68_ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.3Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be _69_ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _70_ is not good for the health.61_ 62._ 63._ 64._65_ 66._ 67._ 68._69_ 70._StepStep 1 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。StepStep 2 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61as 考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词 as。62effects 考查名词的复数。side effect “副作用” ，由前面的 some 和下文中的两个例子 overweight and heart disease 可知名词 effect 用复数形式 effects。63to_process 考查非谓语动词。require sth. to do sth.“需要某物做某事” ，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式 to process 作主语补足语。64are_removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，且与 remove 是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态 are removed。65a 考查固定搭配。as a result “结果” ，是固定搭配。66worse 考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse “更糟的是” 。67is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语 fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be 的第三人称单数形式 is。68eating 考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词 by 之后接动名词作宾语。69.careful 考查词性转换。be 之后接形容词作表语，care 的形容词形式是careful。70which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容。故填关系代词 which。StepStep 3 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)名词常见后缀(第一讲专题)；(2)名词的数；(3)抽象名词具体化；(4)主谓一致的几种常见情况。学情分析考生在名词和主谓一致的学习中存在以下几个问题：(1)名词的数是考生在运用语言时常被忽视的问题，需刻意提高“数”的4意识；(2)主谓一致情况较多，造成部分学生在使用时混用，同时也会因为忽视了主语核心词，而造成主谓不一致；(3)语法规则能熟练记忆，但不能准确运用，缺少谓语与主语一致的意识。考点 1 名词的数1 名词的单复数(1)不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示多少，通常要用“a/an表数量的词of名词”来表示。通常抽象名词与物质名词都是不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有：物质名词：ice, coffee, soup, grass, cloth (布料), clothing, iron, food, bread 等。抽象名词：advice, experience (经验), courage, fun, childhood, knowledge