Unit 21Human Biology必修7 重点词汇 基本词汇用法讲解1c_vi.循环_n循环，传播_adj.循环性的_adj.圆形的，环形的2v_vt.违反，违背_n违反，违背_adj.违反地，违背地_n违反者3e_n进入；入学_n入口，门口4t_vt.款待_n对待，治疗circulatecirculationcirculativecircularviolateviolationviolativeviolatorentryentrancetreattreatment5f_vt.预见_vt. making it one of the main causes3_(遗憾的是)thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.It seems a real pity that教 材 知 识 探 究词 语 解 读1. abuse n&vt.滥用；辱骂abuse of power滥用职权alcohol abuse酗酒drug abuse滥用毒品abuse ones authority/power滥用职权/权力Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.通过立法防止官员滥用权力。They were so rude that they often abused each other in public.他们很粗鲁，经常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂。2. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受tolerate (sb./ones) doing sth.容忍(某人)做某事tolerant adj.容忍的，宽容的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍某人/某事tolerance n宽容，忍受tolerable adj.可以忍受的，可以容忍的I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。Many old people have a very limited tolerance to cold.许多老年人对寒冷的忍受力很差。词语辨析 tolerate, stand, bear与enduretolerate可与stand换用，但tolerate更正式，可指容忍不同观点。stand后除可以跟困难外更多接人。bear则指承受重负、重量、痛苦、烦恼等。endure可指忍受长期的痛苦、苦难、困难等。用tolerate, stand, bear或endure的适当形式填空The sorrow was almost more than she could _.He quietly _ the pain of a loveless marriage.I cant _ hot weather.A government that refuses to _ opposition cannot last long.bearenduresstandtolerate3. seek(sought，sought)vt.&vi.寻找；探索；追求seek ones fortune 寻找致富及成功之道seek to do sth.(try to do sth./attempt to do sth.)试图做某事，企图做某事seek ones advice 寻求某人的建议seek(after/for)sth. 寻找某物They are seeking the most reasonable diet that will do good to their health.他们在寻找有益于他们健康的最合理的饮食。5. oppose vt.反对，反抗，抵制，阻挠be opposed to sth.反对某事物as opposed to与对照opposable adj.可反对的；可对立的opposite n对立面；对立物adj.对立的，对面的adv.在对面prep.与相对，在对面Father does not oppose the idea at all.父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反对与其他人一起外出购物。词语辨析 oppose, object与resistoppose为及物动词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，着重指动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。object常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重指“个人嫌厌”和“提出反对意见”。作不及物动词，后常跟to连用。resist指“积极地反抗、对抗，用武力阻止的前进”。用oppose, object或resist的适当形式填空The soldiers were _ the enemy.I _ to his plan.The father _ his sons marriage.resistingobjectedopposed6. at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何at all costsat any cost不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of以为代价at a cost of以的价格at cost按成本，以成本价格(出售)cut/reduce costs减少了日常花销cover the cost of sth.支付某物的费用cost sb. sth.花某人/使付出/使丧失We must avoid war at all costs/whatever the cost.我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。He saved the children from the fire at the cost of his own life.他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。The students are given 50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.学生每年得到五十英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。7. postpone vt.延期；延缓；搁置postpone sth. (to/until sth.)推迟到postpone doing sth.推迟做某事We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。The game has already been postponed three times.这场比赛已经被延期三次了。词语辨析 postpone, delay与put offpostpone指将某一活动“延期”到某一确定时间。delay指由于某种意外或客观原因而“耽搁或推迟”。put off指主观上有意“拖延”时间。用postpone, delay或put off的适当形式填空Lets _ making a decision until we have more information.They decided to _ the meeting.The sports meeting will be _ because of some reason.postponeput offdelayed8. wipe v擦，拭，抹，擦掉wipe out彻底毁灭wipe sth. with sth.用擦wipe away擦掉，擦干wipe.off.从擦下去wipe up用布擦净(液体或污渍)；用布擦干wipe sth. from ones mind/memory故意忘记事物The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去生命。The cost of the new building will wipe out all the companys profits this year.新建的大楼会花光公司今年的全部利润。Wipe your nose with your handkerchief.用手帕擦擦你的鼻子。9. prohibit vt.禁止；阻止，使不可能prohibit sb./sth. from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事keep sb./sth. from doing sth.不让某人/某物做某事Smoking in this railway carriage is strictly prohibited.本列车车厢严格禁止吸烟。We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作时间内我们不得喝酒。词语辨析 prohibit, forbid与banprohibit指(通过法律、法令、公告、严正警告)“禁止”某些事情，应用范围比其他两个词广，其常用结构为prohibit sb. from doing sth.。forbid“禁止”，为常用词，常用结构forbid sb. to do sth.。ban“禁止”，语气最强，指权威机关“正式禁止”，这种禁止可以是正面的，也可以是负面的；ban只以物作宾语，而不能以人作宾语。预测题 Traffic regulations _ people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.A. stop B. prohibitC. prevent D. keep答案：B用prohibit, forbid或ban的适当形式填空Smoking is _ in the office building.His parents _ him wine.Bicycles are _ from the new motorway.prohibitedforbidbanned10. foresee vt.预见，预知The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen.损害程度是无法预见的。We could foresee that we would die if we couldnt reach land very soon.可以预见，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑。词语辨析 foresee, forecast, predictforesee强调“预见，预知”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。forecast强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。predict常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合；predict所作的预言有一定的科学性。用foresee, forecast或predict的适当形式填空The difficul