Grammarsentences句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成： 主语部分（ subject group） 谓语部分（ predicate group） 句子成份： 主 谓 宾 表补定 状Members of sentence: S - subjectP - predicative O - objectAttri.-attributeAdv.- adverbOc - object complement主宾表补定状1) 主语（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen. 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2) 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。 The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句名词,主格代词动词3) 宾语（object）4) 表语（predicative）He won the game. On the desk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词:2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词5)同位语（n. or that-clauses）补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。My father, a doctor, is very kind.feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。6) 宾补（objective complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。 They made him king. I consider the book too expensive. 7) 定语（attributive） 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子 ，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成 分前。The black bike is mine.( )说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之 后。 这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The boys in the room are in Class Ten. 8) 状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构 之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句 首， 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副 词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语) 句子类型简单句并列句复合句句子：sentence含有主谓结构的一组词， 有比较完整的意义。从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：简单句：并列句：复合句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。含有一个主句和一个或更多的从句。句子的类型e.g. This kind of computer could be made in China even in the seventies.e.g. I asked Dick for some help, but he couldnt do it , either.e.g. They were deeply moved by what they saw and heard there.简单句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. Practice 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补.并列句This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed. andorbutsoHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.Youre alive! And shes dead.名词性从句状语从句：副词性从句定语从句: 形容词性从句 是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是 作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容 词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修 饰的先行词后面。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或 代词叫做定语从句。 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句.复合句名词性从句1) 主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分* What he said is not known.* That we shall be late is certain.* It is certain that we shall be late.* How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2）表语从句:放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的 表语。结构：（系动词）+ 引导词+简单句 * That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is that who we can get to replace her?* The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 宾语从句：从句在全句中作宾语。* I understand that he is well qualified.* He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me.4) 同位语从句：从句在句中作主语或宾语的同 位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。 * Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come?* The question who should do the workrequires consideration.* Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise注意！* that与what都可以引导名词性从句。 * what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。 * That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。 * that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外） .That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said (that) he didnt like her.引导词that & what 状语从句：状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子 。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般由 连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时 通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度 1) 时间状语从句 Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等2) 地点状语从句 Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因状语从句As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：because, as, since4) 结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that6) 条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有：though, although, if even if, even though,7) 让步状语从句 Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as,so long as8) 方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9) 程度状语从句 So long as you need me, Ill stay. 英语中常用的十种时态.一般现在时1.谓语构成：2. be (am, is, are), have (have, has)其他动词第三 人称单数做主语时，谓语动词词尾加-s或-es,其余人 称作主语时，一律用动词原形。3.(1).结尾是-s,-sh, -ch, -x或-o加-es. 如：discusses, finishes, reaches, f