运用句子基本成分的知识来 解答语法填空题20091228英语简单句的五种基本句型 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主谓表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾）基本句型四： O （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）动词的命题角度 动词可以做什么句子成分? 1 谓语 2 非谓语可以充当除谓语外的所有句子成 分 但是: 过去分词不能做主语和宾语非谓语动词不定式现在分词过去分词to do sth to be doneto have doneto have been done to be doingdoingbeing done having done having been donedone多数做补语和宾语多数做状语不能做主语和宾语1 基本句型 一 （主谓） 主语 + 不及物动词 该句型的谓语动词都是不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等 做状语。 基本句型 （主谓）-永远没有主动语态 ! 1. I work. 我工作。 主语 谓语 2. Building has started. 主语 谓语语法填空主语 动词的命题角度 1.给出动词,要求变为名词做主语The _( invent) made him famous._( invent) such machine is not easy. 2. _(read) benefits all. 2. 非谓语做主语（动名词表示长期反复的动作） 3. _( do) more exercise will work.（不定式做主语表示一次具体的动作,有时可以 和动名词互换)inventionReadingDoing/To do过去分词不能做主语和宾语To invent 谓语 谓语:表示主语的动作或状态 1 行为动词 2 连系动词 位置: 除了倒装句外,基本上在主语的后面. 注意: 谓语有时态和语态之分. 助动词(含情态动词)+行为动词/连系动词- -构成复合谓语,他们是不可分的. I will have to go . It has become red.动词做谓语的命题角度 谓语有时态和语态之分. 1 行为动词: 及物动词 + 宾语 = 主动 及物动词 - 宾语= 被动 介词+doing sth 介词+being done 2 连系动词和不及物动词不用于被动句 静态动词(包括连系动词)不用于进行时态, 表示 变化连系动词的例外 Its getting warmer and warmer. I am feeling great now. The cloth is feeling soft. (wrong.) 动词可以做谓语,也可以用非谓语的形式来充当 句子中的其他成分. Most of these volcanoes 32_ ( find) around the Pacific Ocean - 33_ area known as the Pacific “Ring of fire”.17are foundan状语的命题角度 考查用非谓语做状语1 考查状语的位置 2 考查动词变成形容词-再变成副词充当状语的思 路 1 _( fortunate), he was saved. He went back _(hurry). 考查非谓语做状语 3. Who went there _( save) him?不定式做状语 4. Others stayed there with the door _(close).Fortunately hurriedlyto save closed hurry vi.- hurried adj.hurriedly adv. With+sth/sb+非谓语动词形 式 -通常做状语 There are about 1500 active volcanoes, with 50 or so 31_( erupt) each year. = There are about 1500 active volcanoes, with about 50 (active volcanoes) 31_( erupt) each year. Most of these volcanoes 32_ ( find) around the Pacific Ocean - 33_ area known as the Pacific “Ring of fire”.17eruptingknow-knew-knownare found7. _(give) more time, they left in time.分词（短语）做状语 8. The first went away, _(leave) his book.分词（短语）做状语 9. _(frighten), the rich went away. 分词做状语 10. When _ (watch) the moon, he found a new star. 相当于省略了的状语从句 _( finish) his task, he watched TV. _ (drown) in homesickness, he felt sad. 11. Generally _(speak), to do more exercise will work. 独立主格结构做状 语Given leavingBeing frightenedwatchingspeakingHaving finishedDrowned 第15期报纸A2 31_( hope) to find water, he walked _( hurry) towards the image,. 36 But _( show) you what nice guys Jews are, Ill tell you that over that hill there.then the Arab _( disappear).Hoping hurriedly to showdisappeared15定语1. I have something to do. 不定式做定语 2. What a nice swimming pool! 动名词做定语(表 用途） 3. a. The swimming boy smiled.现在分词做定语（表示动作-主动、正在进行中 ）b. The boy swimming in the sea smiled at us. 现在分词短语做定语（要放在名词后 面） 4. a. The excited boy shouted loudly .过去分词做定语（表示被动、完成）b. The boy sent to the hospital died in the end.过去分词短语做定语（要放在名词后面）定语的命题角度 1加深阅读难度 2 考查特殊定语 3 考查定语从句 4 非谓语定语的位置： 单个词修饰名词放在名词前面，如果是短语则 放在名词后面1 The boy sent to the hospital died in the end. 2 The boy in a blue shirt shouted again and again. 3. The boy who was watching the game shouted loudly. 1 The boy died. 2 The boy shouted. 3. The boy shouted loudly. Tips:遇到长句子时,最好把定语和状语去掉,那 么理解起来会容易一些.,如果是主从复合句,还 可以把不影响做题的主句或从句去掉. Hoping to find water, he walked hurriedly towards image, only to find a little old Jewish man sitting at a card table 33_ a bunch of ties laid out on it. he walked , only to find a man sitting _ ties laid out on it. with+sth/sb+非谓语动词形式 with ties laid out15 Yves Frenot, the director of the French Polar Institute, says that in the Antarctic Peninsula, scientists estimate that climate change 33_( cause) temperatures to increase by two or three degrees Celsius over the past fifty years. climate change 33_( cause) temperatures to increase He says this is a very huge increase 34_( compare) to what has happened in the past.16has caused去掉不需要考虑的从句或主句compared表语基本句型 二 （主谓表） 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 表语：说明主语的状态、性质等。充当表语的 词语则有名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短 语和非谓语动词等。 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语 系动词 表语 The city will become rich. 主语 系动词 表语 动词做表语的命题角度 1 能够看出是非谓语做表语,而不是进行时态 或被动语态. 2 修饰人和物时使用不同的分词. moving-moved 1. His wish is _(become) a writer. 2. My job is _(teach). 3. His success is _(excitement). 4.I am _(excitement). at his success. 5. The mountain _(cover) with snow all year round. (并非被动句)to becometeaching exciting excitedis covered3 基本句型三：