Grammar 非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词功能比较 to do的复合结构-ing form的复合结构非谓语动词的否定式-ing form 与 pp 的区别独立主格结构1.谓语动词与非谓语动词： 在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词； 在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动 词，叫做非谓语动词。We should serve the people heart and soul. I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn. Seeing is believing. The results obtained are quite satisfactory. Please stop speaking.（谓语） （谓语）（状语）（主语和表语） （定语）（宾语）2.非谓语动词的分类 不定式(infinitive) 分词（participle） 动名词（gerund） 3.非谓语动词的特点 1) 不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 2) 具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 The Party called on us to serve the people .3) 连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。 The students ran out of the classroom, laughing merrily .To be frank, your plan is not practicable. 主 语表 语宾 语定 语补 语状 语to do-ing formpp非非谓语动词功能比较谓语动词功能比较eg. I like skating,but I dont like to skate today.Playing with fire is dangerous.Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.eg. There is no joking about such matters.主语 1. to do 表示具体的动作，-ing form 表示泛指的动作。2.“there is no +主语”句型中，多用-ing form.Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.3. 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语 之后，用 it 作形式主语。 It is right to give up smoking. It made me very happy to hear her talk about it. 【注意1】It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（for 引出动作发出者）（of 引出 adj 修饰的对象）主语It is no use / good doing【注意2】 It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：常用在 of 句型中的 adj 有：kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, cruel, careless, stupid, naughty, polite, impolite, silly, wrong, brave, honest, noble，right, rude等 You are very kind to give me some help. You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. 主语nThe officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle.A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killedn Dont you remember_ the man before? A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. to have seenn“Have you decided when_?”“Yes, tomorrow morning.” A. to be leaving B. to leave C. will you leave D. are you leavingnShe _ me when I passed by. A. didnt pretend to see B. pretended not seeing C. pretended not to see D. pretended to have not seen宾语 宾语 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往 把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it 作 形式宾语。 I find / feel it interesting to work with him find / think / feel / make / consider it +adj / n + to do sth. My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class. 考点一: demand, want, expect, promise, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, decide, prepare, pretend, wish, start, afford 等 + to do考点二: admit，appreciate，avoid， consider, delay, deny, enjoy，escape, excuse ，face，fancy (设设想), feel like，finish， forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep， mention，mind，miss，pardon, practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help，cant stand (无法忍受) 等 + doing宾语 like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend + doing / to do begin to know / understand / realize 考点三：forget，remember，regret ， go on， like，mean， stop，try 等动词动词 可带动带动 名词词或不定式 作宾语宾语 ，但意义义上有区别别。I remember doing the exercise. I must remember to do it. I mean to come early today. Missing the train means waiting for another hour我记记得做过过练习练习 我必须须记记得去做这这事我打算今早些来误误了这这趟火车车意味着再等一个小时时宾语 regret to say / tell / inform 考点四：allow，advise，forbid，permit + doing allow，advise，forbid，permit + sb to dobe allowed / advised / forbidden / permitted + to doWe dont allow _here.We don t allow students_.Students are not allow _.smokingto smoke宾语 to smoke考点五：在短语语 devote to，look forward to，stick to, be used to，object to， get down to, be ( kept) busy，be worth, have difficulty trouble problem (in)，have a good wonderful hard time (in) + doing 例如：I look forward to _from you soon.hearing 考点六：动词动词 need，require，want 作“需要”解，+ doingto be doneThe window requires _._.cleaningto be cleaned宾语 1.The story was _,we were all _.A. moving, moving B. moved, movedC. moving, moved D. moved, moving 2.There is a _ expression on his face. Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.A. puzzled B. puzzling C. puzzle D. to puzzle 3.With his son too_, the father was sad.A. disappointed B. disappointing定语和表语eg. He attends the meeting being held in the room now.He attended the meeting held yesterday.He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2.表示被修饰词的内容时， 用to do. eg. She has a strong wish to go to college.the way / chance / ability / right / willingness to do1. 从时态上看， -ing form 表示正在进行的动作, pp表示已经完成的动作, to do表示将来的动作。定语注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时， 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这 些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 3. I have