科普英语快速阅读技巧B 下面介绍几种通过上下文推断词义的行之 有效的方法： 连词动词to be 或to mean 经常提供生词 的确切含义。 例如： (1) Dr. Cowings is a type of scientist known as a psychophysiologist. Psychophysiology is the study of the relationship between mind and body. (2) The word ecology means the study of relationship between living things and their environment. It is derived from two Greek words meaning the study (-logy) of home (eco-). The meaning of ecology is appropriate, for all things have a place or home in nature. This home includes the various physical conditions in which each living thing interacts and survives, competes and cooperates. 2. 同位语往往给出生词的确切含义。 (1) Dr. Lorenz is recognized as one of the founders of ethology, the study of animal behavior. (2) or 有时作为连接词，引导同义词 或同义短语。 例如： Lipids, or fats, can be measured in the laboratory. (3) 有时生词后面没有同位语，也没有给 出定义的to be，但是后面的句子表达了 该词的确切意思。 例如： Another habit which can slow your reading is called “subvocalization”. In this case your lips do not move, but you still “hear” each word in your head as you read silently. 3. 以下副词、短语“similarly”， “that is to say”，“in other words”和“that is”引出的句子有 时重述前面生词的含义。 例如： (1) Mary felt perturbed; THAT IS, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters actions. (2) Through all their yelling and screaming she remained aloof, THAT IS TO SAY, she paid them no attention at all. 4. 句中出现的标点符号：逗号（, ）、破折号（）、冒号（:）、 引号（“”）、括号（()），是猜 测词义的重要线索。 例如： Now they move from city to city in vans and limousines big cars rather than wagons and carts. 5. 生词后面出现的定语从句往往 解释了该词的词义。 例如： Over the past centuries, the earth has been struck by meteorites, which are fragments from other parts of the solar system. 6. 利用生词后面出现的实例来判断该 词的词义。 例如： Doctors have made great progress in treating and curing many serious illnesses. However, they have been unable to find ways to prevent the most common illness. It seems that such maladies as colds, fevers, and sore throats will always be a part of life. 7. 以下副词和短语，例如“however” ，“on the other hand”，“instead” ，“rather than”，“unlike”，“yet”， “but”能提供相反的信息，所以我们常 常因此而确定某个生词的含义。 例如： (1) Fred likes to spend his money. ON THE OTHER HAND, Mel is very frugal. Fred is usually a cheerful person; HOWEVER, Mel is usually sullen. (2) RAHTER THAN liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. 8. 观察生词本身，构词法（合成 、转化、派生）能帮助我们确定 词义。例如： He made the money dishonestly. 9. 在“主语+动词（被动结构）+ 主语补语”结构中，主语与主补互 相提供生词的含义。例如： (1) Even now, according to the report, more than 400 million people suffer from serious malnutrition. Malnutrition is defined as not getting enough food energy to carry out everyday tasks. (2) A sentence in which some information is unnecessary repeated is called redundant. 10. 通过逻辑推理，有时自身的生活 经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义 。 例如： Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.