第二部分交际用语USE OF ENGLISHUSE OF ENGLISH 大学英语（B）专题讲座一. 交际用语考试题型及比分二. 学习、练习中应注意的几个方面三. 根据交际功能分类练习四. 根据语法句型分类练习一.交际用语考试题型及比分。二. 交际用语这部分试题由5个选择题形式三. 的小题组成，主要是针对英语日常会话设 计四. 而成，这些试题体现了英语交际功能的多 样五. 性和应用性，目的是为了检测在不同的情 景六. 中运用英语进行交际的能力。二. 学习、练习中应注意的几个方面1.熟悉日常交际的句型。在日常交际中，人们为了获取所需的信息或达到交际的目的，在特定的情景中使用了不同的交际功能的句型，熟悉掌握这些句型有助于了解说话人的意图及题目的考点在， 为选出正确的答案奠定良好的基础。2. 找出规律来帮助判断。就是根据问话选答语或根据上文选下文时在熟悉交际功能句型的基础上，找出答语或下文具有共性的一些规律，如“礼貌原则”、时态、句型一致、肯定或否定的一致性等规律来帮助自己作出正确的判断与选择A. 礼貌原则无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感， 发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不 同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达， 使对方听起来不刺耳，例如： Do you think I can use your car for one day? . A. Im afraid not.B. No, you cant. C. I wont let you do that. D. Absolutely not. 解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车 一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒 绝。因此选A。 礼貌原则还表现在委婉地拒绝一个请求的方式上： 先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意 例如：I would like to,but（我很愿意，但是由于）Thats a good idea，butB. 利他原则在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗， 即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇 到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜， 因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如： I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how toget there, madam? . A. No, you dont know B. I dont know. C. Yes, you will. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can askthe policeman over there. 解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照 利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。 所以选D，首先表示歉意，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C. 文化遵从原则在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角， 也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式， 要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例： Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? . A. Thank you very much B. No, no, John is not bad C. Thank you. He is fine D. Dont say that. Its ugly. John is good 解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬 时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的 尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等， 反而就不礼貌了， 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太 一样，所以选C。三. 根据交际功能分类练习为了帮助同学们更好的学习掌握交际用语这部分知识，下面我们把常见的一些交际用语进行分类归纳总结，希望通过这些练习，使大家能熟悉了解，并逐渐培养自己的分析判断和运用交际语言的能力。一）. 提出请求，征求意见。May I? Would you? Can/could I ? Do you think?Yes/Sure/Certainly Of courseHere you are. Thats OK/All rightIm afraid Im sorryYoud better not1.Hello , may I talk to the headmasternow?A _A.Sorry, he is busy at the momentB. No, you cantC. Sorry, you cantD. I dont know2. Do you think I could borrow yourdictionary?C _A. Yes, you may borrow.B. Yes, go on. C. Yes , help yourself.D. It doesnt matter. 3. Would you mind changing seats with me?C _A.Yes , you can B. Of course I like toC. No, I dont mind D. Certainly, please do4. May I see your tickets and passports, please?C _4. A. No , you cant 5. B. Yes, you canC. Here you are D. No, they are mine5. Can you turn down the radio , please?B _A. Oh, I know B. Im sorry, I didnt realize it was that loud C. Ill keep it down next time D. Please forgive me 6. Excuse me, may I sit here ?C _A. Please sit down B. Youre welcome C. Yes, certainly. This seats freeD. Yes, it doesnt matter二）. 提供、寻求帮助。Can/Could I help you?Is there anything I can do for you?Do you want me to ?What can I do for you?Let me do/carry/help ?Thanks. That would be nice/fineThats very kind of you.Thank you for you helpNo,thanks/thank youThank you all the sameThats very kind of you, butI wonder if you could help me Please give me a handCertainly/Of courseYes, what can I do for you1. Can I help you with your suitcase ?D _1. A. I have no idea. 2. B. No, no. I can carry it myself.3. C. Thats a good idea.4. D. Thank you. I can manage myself.2. Can I help you to get it down? C _A. No problem B. Yes. Lets get it C. Thanks. Its so nice of you D. Its no trouble at all3. I wonder if you could help me?D _A. I could B. Yes, I doC. No, not at all D. Certainly 4. Please give me a hand, wont you?A _A. Of course I will B. Youre welcomeC. You are so kind D. Dont mention it 5. Oh, the box is too heavy.B _?A. Whats in it?B. Can I help you to carry it?C. Whose is it?D. May I have a try?三）. 提出建议、劝告。Youd better(not) Shall we ?You should/ought to LetsWhat/How about ? Why not?Why dont you? Sure/Great Thats a good idea No,thanks1. There is an hour to go. Could we seat somewhere to have a drink ?B _1. A. Have a try. B. sure.2. C. Dont go please. D. No, I cant.3. 2. What about another coffee?4. A _A.No, thanks. B. Youre so kind.C.Yes, of course. D. Sorry for the trouble.3. What about going for a walk ?D _A. Walking is good to you. B. Thats all right. C. So , do I. D. Why not? A good idea.4. In my opinion, youd better take a couple of days off .D _A. I will take your advice.B. Let me see.C. Never mind.D. Im afraid so. 5. Please tell David not to drink too much .B_A. OK, lets go. B. I see.C. Its time f