Adverbial ClauseBecause of the rain, he took a taxi.He often begins doing his homework at eight.He went on his holiday in the U.S.He often begins doing his homework when it is eight.He went on his holiday where economy develops fast.Because it rained, he took a taxi.Time clausesTime clauses are introduced by conjunctions of time such as: (homework)After when / whenever every/each timebefore while next time Asthe first/last timeimmediately any timeas soon asHardlywhen till / untilthe minute no soonerthan since the moment 一就一就 (注意句子结构,以及倒装时的用法)When/while1) When + 非延续性动词/延续性动词While + 延续性动词_ he left the house, I was sitting in the garden.2) When = just at that time 可翻译成“突然”We were having a meeting when someone broke in.I was about to swim when the tour guide shouted to me.3) While = thoughWhile I understand what you say, I dont agree with you.When在名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句中的使用He will go to Beijing _ it is hot in Shenzhen.The question is _ we should leave.I always think of the time _ we were university students.WheneverCome whenever you like.无论何时Whenever I see him, I smile to him. 每当As1) As + 延续动词2) = When, while, as，三者可互换3) e.g. When/While/As I was walking along the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 2) As + 延续性动词，表伴随进行，翻译成“边边”John sings as he works.3) As 作介词 + 身份 “当”As a young man(=when he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 这种情况仅限于系表结构。Q: 当他年轻的时候，as he was a young man. ? 4) As 作介词 + 身份 “作为”He works as a teacher. / like 区别Till , until , notuntil 直到He watched TV till / until his father came home.He didnt watch TV till / until his father came home.Q: He went to bed until his father came home. ?与unless区别cameNot until的倒装、强调句I didnt realize it until yesterday.I didnt realize it until you told me.Not until yesterday did I realize it.Not until you told me did I realize it.It was not until yesterday that I realized it.Before / sinceThey fought for four years _ they won the war.Before 的时态很灵活Please write it down before you forget it.She left before I expressed my love.beforesinceSince +一般过去时搭配 ,主句用现在完成时Since two years ago / then / I graduatedSince 表“自从”还可当连词Since graduation/ leaving school / breakfast.Adverbial Clauses of PlaceThese are introduced by where, whereverMy books are put on the clean shelf. My books are put where is clean. ?Where在定语从句和状语从句中的区别I live in a city _ it is warm.I live _ it is warm.I will follow you wherever you go. 无论什么地方Adverbial Clause of ReasonThese are introduced by because, since, as, for ( 句中), seeing/considering that, now that, in that( 句中) Because 表示直接的理由，强调别人未知的事实since, as引导的原因状语从句一般表示已知的事实，强调引起的后 果。for 1)=because 但不能放句首,2)补充说明理由(实际上是结果)The ground is wet, for it rained last night. 可与because互换It rained last night, for the ground is wet.参考P109表格表原因的介词短语:because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, as a result of, on account ofSeeing /considering thatNow thatSinceasbecauseForIn thatBecause 引导的从句可以带修饰语just, only, mainly, chiefly, partly也可以用于强调句或not but并列结构， 但since, as则不能The officer punished the boy just / only because he wanted to teach him a lesson.The girl learned to play the piano not because she like to play the piano but because her parents forced her to. It was because he lost it that he found it more valuable than ever.BecauseAdverbial Clause of MannerThese are introduced by as, as if / as though(好像), the waye.g. Do exactly as the doctor says.He knows our city well as though he had been here for years.It sounds as if it is going to rain I dont like the way (in which / that/) he addresses the audience.The way he ran was funny.He always thinks (in) a different way. the way的用法Adverbial Clause of ResultUsual constructions:1.So + adj. / adv. + that2.e.g. The theory was so advanced that few people could understand it.3. 2. Such + a(n) + adj. + n. e.g. I had such a good experience that I would always remember it.参照P110,大括号注意such a(n) that结构可以转换为soadj.a(n) n.thatThe elephant has so strong a body that it can do heavy work for people.若名词前的修饰语为many, few, little, much, 则惯用so 不用suche.g. There were so many people in the room that I couldnt get in.He is _ a little boy that he can hardly lift the heavy box.Adverbial Clauses of PurposeThese are introduced by (so) that, in order that, in case=for fear that=lest恐怕,以免.e.g. He walks fast (so) that he can catch the bus.注意so that引导目的状语从句与so that引导的结果状语 从句的区别。1) 目的状语从句中一般含有情态动词can / could, may / might, will / would, should, 而结果状语从句中则没有。e.g. He worked very hard so that he passed the test.He worked very hard so that he might pass the test.We speak slowly for fear that they dont understand.I wrote as clearly as possible so that I could get high marks.I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks.He stopped for a minute so that the students could think his question over.He stopped for a minute so that the students had time to think his question over.purposeresultpurposeresultSo that he stopped his truck, the policeman wa