1. 1. When When we we refer refer toto a a person person asas a a winner, winner, we we do do not not meanmean one one who who defeats defeats the the other other person person by by dominating dominating and and making him lose. making him lose. (Line 6)(Line 6)When we refer to as, we dont meanWhen we refer to as, we dont mean当我们将当我们将看作看作的时候，我们并不是的时候，我们并不是 说说When When we we refer refer toto a a personperson asas a a winner, winner, we we do do not not meanmean one who makes someone else lose. one who makes someone else lose.当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个致使他当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个致使他 人一败涂地的人。人一败涂地的人。When When we we refer refer toto the the computer computer asas the the dominant dominant machine machine in in the the future, future, we we do do not not meanmean they they will will take take the place of human beings. the place of human beings. 当我们认为计算机是未来的主宰机当我们认为计算机是未来的主宰机 器时，我们并不是说它们将会代替器时，我们并不是说它们将会代替 人类。人类。当我把学习看作是大学期间的主要任务时，我并不是说当我把学习看作是大学期间的主要任务时，我并不是说 我们就不必和社会接触。我们就不必和社会接触。When When I I refer refer to to _ _ , , I I do do not mean _. not mean _. 当我们把互利作为发展国与国之间关系的基础时，我们当我们把互利作为发展国与国之间关系的基础时，我们 并不是说可以为了部分国家的利益而损害世界和平。并不是说可以为了部分国家的利益而损害世界和平。When we refer to _When we refer to _, we do not mean that_ _, we do not mean that_._.请完成下面的句子：请完成下面的句子：study as the chief task in college study as the chief task in college we have no necessity to contact societywe have no necessity to contact societymutual benefits for both sides as the base tomutual benefits for both sides as the base todevelop relations between nationsdevelop relations between nationswe shallwe shallsacrifice the world peace for benefits of only some nationssacrifice the world peace for benefits of only some nations当我们把一个人称作是成功者时，我们所指 的并不是那种通过通过优势控制他人、令其 失败而获得成功的人。1. 1. When When we we refer refer toto a a person person asas a a winner, winner, we we do do not not meanmean one one who who defeats defeats the the other other person person by by dominating dominating and and making him lose. making him lose. (Line 6)(Line 6)2. 2. WithoutWithout guilt guilt he he enjoysenjoys his his own own accomplishments. accomplishments. WithoutWithout envy envy he he enjoysenjoys the the accomplishments accomplishments of of others. others. (Line 30)(Line 30)Without Without he he does does sthsth. . Without Without he he does does sthsth. . 没有的时候，某人，没有, 某 人这两句话既是排比，又有对比的意思。这两句话既是排比，又有对比的意思。 并且因为押头韵，读起来琅琅上口，使并且因为押头韵，读起来琅琅上口，使 文章增色不少。文章增色不少。WithoutWithout you you I I cannot cannot live. live. WithoutWithout me me you you feel feel the life is pale.the life is pale.没有你，我无法生活；没有我没有你，我无法生活；没有我 ，你觉得生活苍白无聊。，你觉得生活苍白无聊。WithoutWithout money money I I tell tell myself myself to to work work hard hard to to make make more. more. WithoutWithout time I dream to pay for freedom. time I dream to pay for freedom. 没有钱的时候，我告诫自己努没有钱的时候，我告诫自己努 力工作挣更多的钱；没有时间力工作挣更多的钱；没有时间 的时候，我又梦想着用钱来买的时候，我又梦想着用钱来买 自由。自由。他能享受自己的成功而不感到内疚，他也他能享受自己的成功而不感到内疚，他也 能欣赏他人的成功而不感到妒忌。能欣赏他人的成功而不感到妒忌。2. 2. WithoutWithout guilt guilt he he enjoysenjoys his his own own accomplishments. accomplishments. WithoutWithout envy envy he he enjoysenjoys the the accomplishments accomplishments of of others. others. (Line 30)(Line 30)3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36)they they are are born born dependent dependent on on 一句中一句中 ，dependent dependent on on their their environmentenvironment 是主是主 语语 they they 的补足语的补足语。主语的补足语，通常位于主语之前或谓语主语的补足语，通常位于主语之前或谓语 动词及分词之后，补充说明主语。动词及分词之后，补充说明主语。请看下面的例子：请看下面的例子：1) 1) 主语补语位于主语之前，后有逗号主语补语位于主语之前，后有逗号 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2) 2) 有时位于主语之后，前后皆有逗号有时位于主语之后，前后皆有逗号 Chen, only 1.30 meter tall, won the first prize.3) 3) 位于谓语动词之后位于谓语动词之后 He died young. He was found died.4) 4) 除形容词外，名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短除形容词外，名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句也可做主语补足语。语、从句也可做主语补足语。He came home quite changed. 过去分词短语做主语补足语过去分词短语做主语补足语即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来 就要完全依赖于周围环境的。就要完全依赖于周围环境的。3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36)4. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. (Line 38) avoid doingavoid doing英语中有些动词只能带动名词做宾语英语中有些动词只能带动名词做宾语， avoid avoid 就是这样的用法。就是这样的用法。a avoid void 后只能跟名后只能跟名 词或动名词，而不能跟不定式词或动名词，而不能跟不定式。跟动名词作宾语的动词还有：跟动名词作宾语的动词还有：mind, mind, finish, finish, enjoy, enjoy, celebrate, celebrate, advocate, advocate, suggest, suggest, delay, delay, quit, quit, forgive, forgive, admit, admit, tolerate, tolerate, escape, escape, consider, consider, give give up, up, be be capable capable