Module 3 GrammarGrammar 11. When it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100,000 people. 2. When he was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent. 3. While he was still a teenager, he was a big star. 4. As he grew older, he began to go deaf.“When” is used when the sentences refer to a single event in the past. “When” and “while” are used when the sentences refer to a period of time in the past. “As” is used when the sentences refer to a progressive change.1.When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.2.He raised his hat when he saw her.3.When two bodies are rubbed together, heat is produced.4.Dont forget to return this book for me, when you go to the library.这三个连词都可作“当的时候”解 ，但它们之间有一些细微的差别。 1. when (at or during the time that)只 表示一般的时间关系，它既可指时间 的一点(a point of time)，也可指一段 时间(a period of time)。用when时， 从句的动作可与主句的动作同时发生 ，也可先于主句的动作，因此when用 得最多。1. Strike while the iron is hot.2.When we arrived in Beijing, it was raining. (arrive不是延续性的动词)3.Please dont talk so loud while people are working.2. while (during the time that)只能指一段时间，而不能指时间的一点。 用while时，从句的动作或者与主句的动作同时发生，或者主句的动作 是在从句的动作的进展过程中发生 的。因此，从句中的谓语必须是表 示延续性动作或状态的动词。这是 while与when的主要差别。1.Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning. 2.He fell asleep while (he was) studying his grammar book.3.While in London, he studied music.4.When (they are) heated, metals expand.在用when和while连接的从句中，常省 略与主句相同的主语和相应的be，而 在as连接的从句中一般则不省略。1.The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital. 2.Soon the water in the flask will boil, when you may pour some cold water over it. 3.Some materials are wieldable, while others are not. 4.The enemy rots with every passing day, while for us things are getting better daily.when和while还可作并列连词用：when作“那时 ”解，前面有逗号，不能用while代替；while表 示对比，作“而”解，前面常有逗号。1.Kate read the book as she went along. 2.As the car moved faster and faster, it gained more and more kinetic energy.3. as (at the same moment that)往往可 与when通用，但它着重指从句与主句 的动作相伴随发生，可译成：“一面 一面”，“随着”。as用得较多 。如：引导时间状语从句的其它表达： 1. As soon as; immediately; directly; the moment; the minute; no sooner than; hardly/scarcelywhen; once（表示 “一.就.”） 2. Till; until; notuntil （表示“直到才.”） 3. before 表示“在.之前就”; since （表示“自从.到现在为止”） 4. Every time; each time; next time; the first time; any time; all the time（表示“每次；下一次；第一次；任何时候；总是”）1. Are you ready for Spain? Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young. (2008 上海) A. while B. until C. if D. before 2. I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more. (2008 辽宁) A. once B. when C. since D. although 3. _ the Internet is of great help. I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008 湖南) A. If B. While C. Because D. As 4. There were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down. (2008 四川) A. when B. until C. that D. where 5. Peter was so excited _ he receivedan invitation from his friend to visitChongqing. (2009 重庆)A. where B. that C. why D. when 6. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.(2010 全国卷I) A. so that B although C. while D. as if7. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available. (2010 安徽)A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until8. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.(2011 北京) A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. WhileGrammar 21. Other composers had written symphonies before Haydn, but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orchestra. 2. By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord 3. After they had known each other for many years, Beethoven said, “He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing.”4. After they had become stars in their own country, the Beatles toured the United States. 5. Before they visited India, they had recorded seven albums.The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that happened before something else in the past. With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 2. 过去某时以前发生的动作或情况 He hasnt finished yet. He didnt finish yesterday evening. He hadnt finished by yesterday evening.1. 过去发生的两个动作，先发生的 用过去完成时3. 常用过去完成时的情况 no soonerthan, hardlywhen No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted.I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didnt manage it.expect, hope, think, want, suppose等 动词的过去完成时表示想做而未做的事 。4. 使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性 句意十分清楚时，可用一般过去时 After I finished, I went home. 常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作 I got out of the taxi, paid the fare(车费) and managed it. 有时必须明确，特别是含when时 When I arrived, Ann left. (同时发生)(见到Ann) When I arrived, Ann had left. (先后发生)(没见到)5. 常用过去完成时的时间状语比较： By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words. By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words. By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words. By th