长难句1.情态动词常考句型l1)may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与 had better相近； Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. = youd better go by train. l2) cannot / canttoo “越越好，怎么也 不过分”。变体cannotover.如： You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .l3) should 研英中“竟然”的意思。I didnt expect that he should have behaved like that. l情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 1 want, require, worth（形容词）后面接 doing也可以表示被动意义。 Your hair wants cutting The book is worth reading The floor requires washing. 2need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用 need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义 The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted. The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired. 关于情态动词时态lMy pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room， for the first man I met asked sympathetically： “Are you feeling all right？”（1996年语法）lAs it turned out to be a small house party， we neednt have dressed up so formally. （1998年语法） 真题：08年翻译lIn his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. l他相信正是这个困难具有一个补偿性优点 ：迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句，因此 促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误。2.3“more than+形容词”表示“非常” lThe USA remains more than capable of holding lraq down， while confronting North Korea and lranits next main targets. l美国在推翻伊拉克的同时，完全还有实力 可以与下两个打击目标一朝鲜和伊朗来对 抗。 2.4 more than 前面加修饰lAs a result， Californias growth rate dropped during the l970s， to 18.5 percent-little more than two thirds the l960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.（1998 年阅读第四篇） l结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪 70年代降到18.5只是20世纪60年代 增长率的三分之二强一点，比西部其他州 的增长率低得多。 “no more than+数字”，表示“仅仅，只有”lAbraham Lincoln received no more than six months of formal education.l 区别于：nothing more than，表示“只不过是” ，类似于nothing but短语。l The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is_ an anonymous， statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. A. everything except B. anything but C. no less than D. nothing more than （2001年语法） 变体1：no more than“A与 B同样不 ”。 l例句 Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new， but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example，to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.（2005阅读第四篇 ） l译文 指责纵容的20世纪60年代并不是什 么新鲜事，但是这还不仅仅是对教育质量 下降的又一种批评。又一种批评。 McWhorter先生的专业就是专门研究语言的 历史与变迁，他认为像“whom”一词的逐渐 消失是很正常的，如同古英语中格的消失 一样，我们不必为此感到遗憾。 变体2：not.any more than.用来表示两 个事物之间的类比关系的lBut his primary task is not to think about the moral code，which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. （2006年第49题） l译文 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配 自己行动的道德，就如同不能指望商人专 注于探讨行业规范一样。 l例句 Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks， but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. l译文 诚然，科学是建立在事实基础之上的 ，正如房屋是用砖块砌成的；但是简单的 事实罗列不能称为科学，就如同砖块的堆 砌不能成为房屋一样。 2.5 no less than/nothing less thanlNo less than 不少于，多达lThis alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive. in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50 took a loss in 1989. （2005年第48题） l这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存 下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一 事实在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半 在1989年亏损。 Nothing less than不亚于，相当的lOur reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular. l我们的再次表演将是相当壮观的。 2.6 rather than v.s. other thanll.“other than.”相当于“different from.”，意思是“ 不同于，除了以外其他的”。“rather than”意思是“而不是”，表示否定 than后边的 事物。 l2.“A rather than B”，这里 A和 B都是表示两个并 列的成分。而如果“A other than B”，则往往是B 属于A中的一种元素或一部分。简单地说， rather than连接的 A和 B两个成分是并列关系，other than连接的 A和 B两个成分是所属关系。 la. The waterwheel is a mechanism designed to harness energy from a source other than animals. lb. The waterwheel is a mechanism designed to harness energy from water rather than from animals. lWe are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style_ in a personal one. lA. rather than B. other than lC. better than D. less than(1995年语法) rather than长句真题示例：lAs a result， I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.（2001年阅读第二篇） l 因此，我相信数字化差异在未来的几年将 会缩小，而不是扩大。 lTo see an animal in pain is enough， for most， to engage sympathy. When that happens， it is not a mistake：it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than lau