上海交通大学硕士学位论文上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究与设计姓名：张晓宇申请学位级别：硕士专业：管理科学与工程指导教师：孙小明;王东20050201上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究与设计 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 I上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究 摘 要 公路货物运输在我国综合运输中扮演着重要角色 为我国的经济发展做出巨大贡献但是我国公路货物运输企业呈数量多规模小运力分散等特征 带来诸多问题如缺乏有效的沟通渠道而产生的供需双方信息流通不畅 造成许多货车空载而返不仅货车整体设备利用率极低而且带来社会性资源浪费 分散的市场结构导致服务供需双方间商业信用度较低 增加了交易成本和交易风险等上海作为公路主枢纽之一陆上货物运输市场也存在着类似的问题 建设陆上货运物流信息平台可以很好地解决这些问题 它可以降低回程空载率减少社会性的浪费优化配置货运行业资源又可以提升众多中小型经营主体的运作水平 改进其服务从而获得更多的机会还可以促进行业的规范经营增加诚信改善市场环境 本文从分析陆上货运物流信息平台相关概念入手开始对其进行总体设计 首先分析了货运行业的特征然后提出对物流信息平台的理解认为物流信息的融合和共享是物流信息平台的手段 提升服务对象价值才是其目的 随后分别从战略层 战术层和运作层描述平台的服务目标并且把平台自底至顶划分为数据服务 应用处理和用户功能三个结构层次协同来完成平台对用户需求的响应 平台的用户被划分为货源直接产生类货运中介代理类货物直接运输类站场上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究与设计 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 II辅助服务类货运行业管理类 相关行业服务类和平台运营支持类七大类别 本文分别描述了其物流信息需求 并据此对平台进行功能设计在总体设计部分的最后 定量地分析了随着用户规模的扩大平台的经济效益会越大并分四种运作方式对平台的商务模式进行了讨论总结出政府引导企业运作的模式比较可行 货运信息交易系统作为平台的核心部分之一 能够为数量众多的中小货运企业创造更多的运输机会为降低返程空载率做出直接贡献因此本文随后对货运信息交易系统进行了详细分析和设计 并且把征信管理引入交易流程从而增进交易双方的信任降低交易风险的同时提高交易效率 随后又给出了交易系统的信息录入 发布和管理功能模块的软件实现 本文分析了货运信息交易系统征信模块的架构和运作机制设计了一种基础信用数据动态信用数据的信用信息源结构该结构不仅可以有效地进行信用评价 而且动态数据的内生性为目前公共信用数据获取困难的问题提供了一种解决问题的参考途径 在最后本文给出征信模块实现的理论基础并给出算例进行说明 关键词 道路运输物流信息平台货运交易征信 上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究与设计 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 IIISTUDY ON FREIGHT LOGISTICS INFORMATION PLATFORM OF SHANGHAI ABSTRACT Freight plays an important role in multimode transportations in China, which contributes a great deal to domestic economy development. However, most domestic freight companies are small scaled, which determines that their transportation ability is decentralized. Such situation causes lots of problems. For example, lacking of efficient communication channels results in information block between providers and demanders, which leads many trucks empty-loaded when they return. Thus, the usage of trucks is quite low which wastes social resources in a certain degree. Another question is that decentralized market structure brings on low credit of traders, which increases trading cost, as well as trading risks and so on. Shanghai, as one of the highway main hub, also exists such questions in its overland freight market. Establishing an effective logistic information platform can solve these problems. The rate of empty-loaded in return is reduced, so that the social resources are fully utilized. The management ability of most small or middle-scaled companies is advanced and the service quality of them is improved. Thus, much more business opportunities are grasped. Furthermore, an effectual platform can accelerate standardized operation in freight industry and improve market environment by increasing credit among traders. The chapter of general planning starts with related concepts of freight logistic information platform. Firstly, it analyses the characteristics of freight industry. Secondly, understanding of logistic information platform is presented. The essence is to create extra value by integrating and sharing useful logistic information. Thirdly, the purpose of the platform is depicted from strategic, tactical and operational view successively. The platform is divided into three levels from bottom to top, that is, data service, application processing and user functions. These three levels coordinate to fulfill users commands. The users of the platform are classified into seven categories: demanders for freight, freight agencies, freight carriers, field providers, managers in freight industry, information system service providers and other related service providers. In the article, requirements of different categorized users towards logistic information are mentioned. On the basis, the functions of information platform are properly designed. Lastly, quantitative analysis is utilized to prove that the economic margin of the platform will enhance with the increase of the user 上海陆上货运物流信息平台研究与设计 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 IVscale. Besides, the business mode of the platform is discussed in four diversified operation method, which summarizes that the most feasible mode is operated under government guidance. The freight trading system, as one of the core parts in the platform, will create more business opportunities for large amount of small or middle-scaled transportation companies, which contributes to reducing the rate of empty-loaded in return. Therefore, freight trading system is analyzed and designed at length. Credit management, as a method to increase mutual trust of traders, decrease trading risks and enhance trading efficiency, is introduced into trading process. Subsequently, the software realization of data input, release and management in the freight trading system is presented. In this article, the architecture and mechanism of credit management module in freight trading system are illuminated. A credit source structure as basic credit data + dynamic credit date is put forward in this article. This structure can appraise traders credit conditions effici