1SAT 高分范文解析 九 挑战权威Test 1 P389一、 写作题目Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment belowSometimes it is necessary to challenge what people in authority claim to be true. Although some respect for authority is, no doubt, necessary in order for any group or organization to function, questioning the people in charge-even if they are experts or leaders in their fields-makes us better thinkers. It forces all concerned to defend old ideas and decisions and to consider new ones. Sometimes it can even correct old errors in thought and put an end to wrong actions.Assignment: Is it important to question the ideas and decisions of people in positions of authority? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.题目翻译：有时候我们需要挑战被权威人士奉为真理的说法。尽管对于团体和机构的运行而言对权威的尊敬无疑是必要的，但质疑负责人尽管他们是相应领域的专家或领袖能够使我们的思考能力得到提高。这样的做法迫使有关各方捍卫旧的观点和决定，同时考虑新的思想和决定。有些时候这样做甚至能纠正过去的错误思想，结束不当的做法。命题：质疑权威的观点和决定是否重要？二、 6 分范文Every person has his or her own idea of ethics and morality, regardless of objective truth. Authority figures, whether teachers, heads of nations, or other positions of power, may not always be in line with that morality. In order to determine whether an authority figure is doing what is just, individuals must speak out when they perceive injustice. Oftentimes, that means questioning authority.Dystopic novels often portray systems of national leadership in which questioning governmental authority is explicitly forbidden. George Orwells novel 1984 is such a story. The government is known collectively as Big Brother, who is a symbolic entity continually watching over every citizen. The language, Newspeak, is constantly being updated to control peoples expression and thereby control their thoughts. Anyone caught even thinking something other than Big Brother would want them to think are arrested by the Thought Police. Under this regime, there are virtually no independent thinkers. Every piece of information given to the people comes through the government, which has the power to change facts and history with utter impunity. The main character, Winston, manages to catch on, but in the end, he is finally brainwashed by torture. In this society of obedient drones, truth is irrelevant 2because there are no lies.When a student goes through formal education, he must be on his guard when it comes to what he absorbs. In the midst of objective facts, all too often a teacher may attempt to indoctrinate him with the teachers own ideology. One need only look at the majority of United States universities. There are thousands of easily-accessed articles exposing documented incidences of teachers boldly instilling in their students the liberal ideology. Universities are cesspools of leftist professors who punish students who express differences of opinion. Yet without those few questioning students, the rest of the student body would be subjected to unadulterated liberal lectures, with nary an opposing view in earshot. In order to form proper opinions, students must be exposed to both sides of an issue, and both sides must be questioned so as to ascertain the truth of each.Leaders of other countries must also be questioned by nonresidents so as to discover precisely what is happening under their authority.每个人都有自己独立于客观真理的伦理观和道德观。权威人士，如老师，国家领导或其他有权利的人不一定与这样的道德观相一致。为了确定权威的行为是否合理，个人必须在他们感觉到不合理的时候直言不讳。通常，这就意味着挑战权威。反乌托邦小说常常描写明确禁止人民质疑政府权威的政权。乔治奥威尔的小说 1984 就是这样的故事。政府被大家称为“老大哥 ”，是一个不断监视所有公民的象征性机构。这里使用的语言，新话，不断被更新，以控制人民的表达并由此控制人民的思想。那些竟敢思考老大哥不愿意让他们思考的问题的人，一经发现就会被思想警察逮捕。在这样的统治下，几乎没有独立的思想者。传递给人民的每条信息都来自政府，同时政府享有篡改事实和历史而完全不受惩罚的权利。小说的主角温斯顿（Winston）勉力生存，但最后终于受到折磨和洗脑。在这个唯唯诺诺的社会，因为无所谓谎言，所以也不存在真理。当学生接受正规教育时，他必须当心所吸收的知识。老师除了灌输客观真理外，也常常试图将自己的思想灌输给学生。只要看看美国多数大学的情况就清楚了。我们能轻易读到上千篇文章暴露教师旗帜鲜明地对学生灌输自由主义思想的例子。大学成了汇聚着因为学生意见不同而加以惩罚的左派老师的污水池。但是没有这些敢于质疑的学生，其他学生就只能忍受纯自由派的讲座，而听不到任何反对意见。为了形成合理的观点，学生必须听到议题双方的意见，同时双方都必须接受质疑，以确保各方的真理性。其他国家的领导也必须接受非居民的质疑，以发现在他们的权威之下究竟发生了什么。三、 得分点详解1 effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thinking, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position围绕论题有效、深刻地发展一个论点，运用贴切的事例、因果分析和其他证据支持论点，从而展示出色的思辨能力。3针对命题“质疑权威的观点和决定是否重要？” ，本文分析到， “每个人都有自己独立于客观真理的伦理观和道德观。权威人士，如老师，国家领导或其他有权利的人不一定与这样的道德观相一致。 ”（ Every person has his or her own idea of ethics and morality, regardless of objective truth. Authority figures, whether teachers, heads of nations, or other positions of power, may not always be in line with that morality.）并由此提出论点：“ 为了确定权威的行为是否合理，个人必须在他们感觉到不合理的时候直言不讳。通常，这就意味着挑战权威。 ”(In order to determine whether an authority figure is doing what is just, individuals must speak out when they perceive injustice. Oftentimes, that means questioning authority.)。为了证明这一论点，作者叙述和分析了两个例子。一个来自乔治奥威尔的小说1984，而另一个则来源于生活左翼大学教师对自由主义思想的宣扬。1984首先展示了小说中的政府是如何通