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形容词与副词的比较级和最高级形容词常用于修饰名词,说明该词的性质、特征等 。它在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语,如: (1)Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river. (定语)一群群新的现代建筑沿江拔地而起。 (2)The football game was marvelous. (表语)足球赛精彩极了。 (3) Im sorry that Im late.(表语) 对不起,我迟到了。 (4) Dont leave the door open, please.(宾补) 请不要 将门敞着。 (5) He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. (状语) 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。 1. 形相似、义相别的词 : alone(独自地) lonely(偏僻的,寂寞的) alive(活着的) living(现存的,逼真的) lively(活泼 的,生机勃勃的) blooming(花正开的) booming(繁荣的) credible(可靠的,可信的) creditable(声誉好的,值 得称赞的) considerable应考虑的;相当(多、大)的 considerate (体贴的) desirous(想要的,渴望的) desirable(令人满意的, 合意的,值得要的) efficient(有效率的) sufficient(足够的) 1. 形相似、义相别的词 : exhaustive(彻底的,详尽的,消耗的)exhausting(使人筋疲力尽的) honorable(光荣的,可敬的)honorary(荣誉的,名誉的) historic(历史上著名的,有历史意义的)historical(历史的) imaginative(富于想象力的) imaginable可想象到的)imaginary(想象的,虚构的) 1. 形相似、义相别的词 : industrial(工业的)industrious(勤勉的) legible(易读的,清晰的)eligible(合格的,有资格当选的) later(较迟的) latter(后者的) likely(可能的) likable(可爱的) respectful(有礼貌的)respective(各自的) respectable(可尊敬的)2. -ly 结尾的形容词在英文里,有些形容词是以-ly 结尾的,这类词常见 的有: brotherly(兄弟般的,亲切的) deadly(致命的,非常) earthly(尘世的) friendly(友好的) likely(可能的) leisurely(空闲的,从容的)lovely(可爱的) manly(男子气概的) weekly(每周一次的) yearly(每年一次的)一、规则变化 1.单音节和少数双音节单词,一般在词 尾加“er”或“est”。 clean, tall, small, cheap , short, long, light, high 2. 以不发音字母“e”结尾的单词,直接 在词尾加 “r”或“st”。 nice, late, close, fine, large, free, rude3.以重读闭音节结尾的单词,如果词尾只有一个 辅音字母时,应先双写这一辅音字母,再加 “er”或“est”。 fat, big, red, thin, hot, sad, wet 4.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,应先改“y”为“i”, 在加“er”或“est”。 happy , easy, heavy, healthy, busy, lucky, pretty, sunny, funny5、 其他双音节单词和多音节单词,都在其前面加 “more”或“most”。(beautiful, interesting)二、 不规则变化。bad/ill worse-worstmany/much more-mostgood/well better - bestfar farther/further - farthest/furthestold older/elder - oldest/eldestlittle less - leastRead and compare : young long full short small old fine easy hungry early heavy big redyounger youngest longer longest fuller fullest shorter shortest smaller smallest older oldest finer finest easier easiest hungrier hungriest earlier earliest heavier heaviest bigger biggest redder reddesthealthymanyfamousillexcitingcarefullywet hotlittlefewhealthier healthiestmore mostmore famous most famousworse worstmore exciting most excitingmore carefully most carefullywetter wettesthotter hottestless leastfewer fewestI. 原级用法:* 1.表示两者同等程度: as+adj/ adv.的原级+ as e.g. The ruler is as long as that one. He sings as well as Jack. as +原级+a/an+名词+asTom is as clever a boy as Mick.2. 表示两者程度不同:not as (so) +adj/ adv.的原级+ as He doesnt sing as(so) well as Jack.3. as much as, as many as 与一样多 eg. I have done as much work as he did yesterday.You can take as many books as you can. 4.表示两者倍数关系:倍数+ as+原级+as第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副 词修饰语:twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly(远非,根本不), by no means(j决不), quite 等等。例如:Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲 的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本 没有罗伯特高。其他倍数表达法“倍数adjadv(比较级)than” Your playground is four times larger than ours 你们的操场 比我们的操场大四倍。(你们的操场是我们操场的五倍大。)“倍数the名词of被比较对象”,其中常用的名词有size, length,width,depth,height等,也译作“是的多少倍”The new building is four times the height of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。(这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍)II. 比较级用法:1. 比较级+than不同级的比较主要用表示于人与人、事物与事物 之间不同之处的比较,其意义为“A比B更(怎么样 )一些“。They worked even harder than they promised. 他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。 This street is narrower than that one. 这条街比那条街窄一些。2. 比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越” 在这个结构中的两个 “比较级“要求词性相同。 eg. warmer and warmer, nicer and nicer, more and more funWhen winter is coming , it gets colder and colder .冬天来临之际,天越来越冷了。3. the+比较级 the+ 比较级表示的意义是“越(怎么样),就越(怎么样)“,在这 个结构中的两个“比较级“不要求一定词性相同,它们各 自的词性要依句子的需要而定 e.g. (1) The more you read the book, the more interesting you found . (2)The more we have, the more we want. 人欲无穷 。 比较级的修饰语有 : much, far, even, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, still, rather(相当地), slightly(略微),a great deal (大量) + adj./adv. 比较级 He came even earlier than I asked (him to). 她来得甚至比我叫她来的时间还要早。5. 当比较级后没有than, 而为of the two的结构, 比较级前加the. eg. The taller of the two girls is Mary.6. no + 比较级 + than的结构表示“A和B一样不 “。例如: She runs no faster than her sister. 她与她妹 妹一样跑不快。 Tom is no wiser than John. 汤姆和约翰一样 没有聪明才智。 He is no richer than his brother. 他与他弟弟 一样不富有。7. Alices diet was less healthy than Dannys diet. (不如) (more than 胜于) morethan与其讲不如说 He is more kind than honest.与其讲他诚实,不如说他和善。III. 最高级用法:1. 形容词最高级用于in, of 或among的结构中, 形容词最高 级前+the eg I am the best of (among)the three. He is
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