Grammar Focus(二)形容词的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv.short-shortersmall-smallernicenicersafesafer-bigthinheavyheavierhappyhappierbigbiggerthinthinnerdelicious more delicious interesting more interesting important more important carefully-more carefully quickly-more quickly slowly-more slowlyeasily- more easily大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。一、形容词比较级的构成1.构成的不规则变化:2.构成的规则变化:1. 构成的不规则变化:e.g. good / well better best bad / badly worse worstmany / much more most little less leastfar farther / further farthest/ furthest2. 构成的规则变化:1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾后加-er 构成比较级 或-est构成最高级. 如：原级 比较级 最高级cold colder coldestbright brighterbrightestyoung younger youngest2) 以字母 e 结尾的词只加 r 或-st 构成比较级和最高级。原级 比较级 最高级nice nicer nicestfine finer finestlarge larger largest3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时, 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-est。如: big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，先改y为i, 再加-er或-est。如：easy easier easiest happy happier happiest5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most。如：delicious more delicious most deliciousinteresting more interesting most interestingimportantmore important most importantcarefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly -most quicklyslowly-more slowly -most slowlyeasily- more easily -most easily形容词最高级的构成A: tallshort quick thicklightcool warm quiet wild calm the - esttalltallertallestB: heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthyhungry earlyy - i- estC: largelatenice- stbiggestD: big hothottest thin “双写”thinnest wetwettestfatfattestAdjectivedelicious dangerousinterestingpopular beautiful careful friendly the most - adj .Adjective better bestfarlittle worse worstmore mostfarther farthestless leastgood wellbad badlymanymuch 1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. littlebetter bestmore comfortable most comfortablebigger biggesthappier happiestcheaper cheapestmore mostmore difficult most difficultless least1.用法：英语语中三者或三者以上相比较较，表示 “最” 这样这样 的最高程度概念时时，要用 “the+ 最高级级” 的结结构表示。这这种句式一般带带有表 示比较较的介词词短语语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。 例如：Wang Lin is the tallest in our class.This theater is the cheapest of the three. 注意使用最高级时应级时应 注意以下几点：形容词的最高级(1) 表示 “最之一” 的句式，要用 one of the +形容词词最高级级+复数名词词。例如: Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city.Lisa is not one of my best friends.(2) 当最高级级前面有物主代词词或名词词所有格时时， 不加定冠词词 the。例如：Tom is Lucys best friend.Tuesday is her busiest day.(3) 最高级级前可加序数词词。 例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (4) 形容最高级级修饰饰作表语语或介词宾语词宾语 的名词词 ，代词时词时 ，被修饰饰的词词往往省略。 例如：He is the laziest (student) in our class.2. 形容词词比较级较级 和最高级级的构成(1) 规则变规则变 化a. 一般情况下，单单音节节或双音节节的形容词词比较较级级直接加-er, 最高级级直接加-est。如：clevercleverercleverest cheapcheapercheapest fewfewerfewestsmallsmallersmallestyoungyoungeryoungestb. 以-e 结结尾的形容词词，比较级较级 + -r,最高级级+ -st。如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicestcutecutercutestc. 以辅辅音字母+y结结尾的形容词词，变变y为为i +er或+est。busybusierbusiest heavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiestdirtydirtierdirtiestd. 以重读闭读闭 音节结节结 尾，末尾只有一个辅辅音字母结结 尾的词词，双写最后一个辅辅音字母，再加+er或 +est。 如：bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnestfatfatterfattest hothotterhotteste. 多音节节和部分双音节节形容词词，需在原级级前+more 构成比较级较级 ，+ most 构成最高级级。如：importantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautiful most beautifuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult 3. 不规则变规则变 化：原级级比较级较级最高级级good /well better bestbad /ill worse worstlittle less leastmany /much more mostfar farther /further farthest /furthestold older /elder oldest /eldest最高级规则变化口诀：最高级级，很容易，一般词词尾加est。(cheap-the cheapest)词词尾若有哑哑音e, 直接就加st。(close-the closest)重读闭读闭 音节节, 单辅单辅 音字母要双写。(big-the biggest)辅辅音字母加y, 记记得把y变为变为 i。(friendly-the friendliest) 多音节节，考考你，the most到底加哪里？(popular-the most popular)1.We are going to the Green Restaurant for lunch. (就划线部分提问)_ you going for lunch? 2. Sam is the shortest in his class. (改为同义句) Sam is _ than _ _ student in his class. Sam is _ than _ _ students in his class. Sam is _ than_ _ in his class. 3. How do you like Screen City? (改为同义句)_ do you _ Screen City?Where areshorterany otherWhatthink ofshorterthe other anyone elseshorter练习：改写句子