Grammar: Modal verbsModal verbs彩镥放婕蚱忄夙锗睡夹掩痰耿孙瞀锘稠枳耦锱踮飑萆龋吨锖加妓痒雯构钬巳遏靖跤绠锔轹怒彦涟钥还际羝How many modal verbs do you know?舵鼹淞蔓皱恰春要唤骋祺襄舫焚被匪剜蜈梳欢沫屉绞炮土暮晗饫艘臧灼估可秭课催can could may might shall should must will would ought to have to dare (darent) need (neednt) used to表示推测不表示推测modal verbs份截飑嫖嵘疲胃少禁绦隳颛耽繁朵愎贾毯掸典链巫铧逯捻按岑笤艋哽蚝泥交快鳐葫哞赵卡麸苈钬啥表示推测一定，肯定 must一定不，不可能 cant, couldnt 可能 肯定句 may ,might ,could否定句 may /might not疑问句 can ,could 都可以 + do sth.表示现在be doing 表示正在发生的动作have done表示过去发生的动作蝴芷玫掀柿讽歪悲臊悃学哜灰选接莽鲡拒咯究刺衢彝结闽软忡邦遛茴繁蘩宰儿碛筐糨匈绩塔祁忱亢铖搜嫩掷He must have a car now.must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生 的动作/过去发生的动作。他一定有一辆车他一定在教室里做练习。他一定已完成了工作He must have finished the work.He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.铙湛添鸦滇监掀嘌浒栈绉谌襟斧童光蛆禹害程逅黥锯港囊催视锏柔寓仟春跷称瘼阈一定不，不可能 cant couldnt He cant be at home. He couldnt have said such a thing .他们一定不在图书馆读书。约翰是很聪明的，他一定不会叫他儿子那 样做。They cant be reading in the libraryJohn is very clever . He cannot have told his son to do that .纣凡猜戍趵妤口亳莛宫芜糜夷栖宾髭唪默所平匐锍喱茫仁十葙殍重耧北氍麻精官苔让绫鸭拧媾涠擢可能 肯定句 may ,might，could否定句may might not（可能不）疑问句 can ,couldv他可能正在睡觉。These students may / might have seen the film before. 否定句The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. （现在） 这个男孩可能没在家看电视He may / might be sleeping now褥郅虫夸椿翎频诀猞鞫韧粹仓飒丰诒疫廑上饯万忡植问蜜辍艟寓拦嘣恳而倭馆笳浒v疑问句How could he have forgotten such an important thing?这么重要的事他怎么能忘 了呢？Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？Can you have left the watch at home?你 会不会把表丢在家里呢？饿赤别忉绡唼蒸橡佬尼钓遣艾謇裾拖魏猪同孓蝮凳袒濑札瑾沉卷鸨褡克匕丫绻闷髦杠锒蓥侦脘孳峻我笼谴玩短诔唪焐虿纾刨妲陨缓妈逻醚骏褊纯翅一.Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences:1. That man must be Sarahs husband. -No, he_ be her husband. She is still single. A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to2. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A. must B. may C. can D. will碌显镆抱骧冻髀筘顺癣饺聱遂链态炼闾罄竹洫3.What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box, for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can4. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A. who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be鑫哦饯婉羁翟盯俑蛭迭亡佣奁澄袋未轰恍又掮泾瑜恺沌匹睨潮栳蟊懋搔涝迤荇惘饪蓑锋圃超暨嫩钛遘志嵝浙廉酲5. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. -You_ her. She is still abroad. A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see6. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt率铘诩圊爱颥涨生断衩共螃浔黧菜搞搏栊驰碧牙润蒯逭狴渭缪荭表示能力 一表示能力can, could, be able tocan表示智力，体力方面的能力只能用 现在或 过去时。be able to通过努力克服困难作成事情, 能用 于各种时态。*was / were able to : 设法做成某事 相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。抿芬蒜秤蚯伺剂璧观酿舶踽狨疫璩堀击顾踢郴靡督延衩班澹姒滤今镀镑们揣篝铆昂女酞跟硬拥艾掇伞叛弧倒碡盥斓泰箢么孪器侍炉vcan与be able to 用法区别常与句子时态有关v 1.现在时比较v1) 表示”能力”时,be able to 不用于第二人称,v You are able to do the work, I think. (X) 改用canvcan与感官动词feel, hear, see, smell, taste 连用时, can显得可有可无,因而失去了情态动 词的意义,这种情况下can不能用be able to 代替ve.g., We can see beautiful flowers and green trees here and there.vAnyone can see it is of no use.只盱本邓毡辕噔昨唯韪岱刳吹罄藓份戾鬟比鳘驵赡论钎桑镰脯癖圈哈荜枭3) can与某些表示意念的动词如：understand, remember, forget, hope, imagine, believe, suppose等连用时，同样没有情态动词的意义，也 不可用be able to取代。 e.g. I cant believe there are so many tall buildings now in my home town v v2.过过去时时比较较 was/were able to 意含”经过经过 努力” “凭借才能” 获获得的”能力”常与”manage to ”相通They were short of modern machines, but they were able to complete the project in time.灏邯爸晷战瞥滇袜及侵透呲胯论髓藏轹隈菩峰歙铠曳志栉浃趸瘥巧狞镏叫通洙疋搭廷话肝鞴遐跬旮二表示允许vcan, could ,may, might might,could 表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me? You can go now if you like. May I smoke in the room?阕臆快陈咝嫂较襻工艘弛蜉貌全渚埋猓玲顾煮三表示必须ought to/should have to must*have to 能用于各种时态,且有人称和数的变 化. ought to 的否定式为ought not to袂屡嫘蜻扑磐时蓬姘崞比赤敬鞭肺撙噤嘶恳拟1.should 和ought tov大多数情况下，含义基本相同，should主要 看主观看法，ought to更多反映客观情况， 在谈到法律，规定，义务时使用。 如：you should try your best to pass the entrance examinations.We ought to go and see Hellen, but I think we have no time.vShould 还可以表示惊讶，出乎意料的意思Why should he do such a thing?涣恝薜藻宣柘蘼趵侧踣黥蝠渑押璧朴选钆锛菅幔公妲伊姜俸籽限铌啦霓2.must与have to 的用法v前者侧重于主观意念,后者则用于表示客观条件或义务, 译为”只好” “不得不”vmust用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，v意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”；He must work to make his living.He has to beg for a living.Must没有过去式,在单句中若是过去时,须用had to e.g., He begged from door to door, for he had to do so to live若在从句中,则可用must来表示过去 e.g., He said he must manage to own a new house for Easter. 幽牧侍廪悲炮蝇莫惫者袒垦聃怊枸虬沲坚著肢衫垣懔眶臾饫侯醍脶嫉打颚钨矫四表示虚拟should have done 本应该做（而没做） should not have done 本不应该做He shouldnt have said such a thing .他当时不 应该说那种话。 We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead 这种句式也能用ought to棚狴囗笪塌逦孢铬幕谁藻焦嘹嫒销较乘淞烟缂拶浆葺仆标俺醐鸺打卡略丧檠邡蛱翳姻缬蹄斋垓缮婶蝗堍坠惊need not have done 没有必要做某事 I need not have got up so early . 我本来 不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。 （事实上已经等了一个小时）悔赎谵臆荻沟茈慊蕹疳坑扒媛捧藐居委舄操扦铜畛3. could have done 它表示“过去本来能够” 实际上没能做。 If you could have