我国传统产业集群升级机制研究 摘 要 步入 21 世纪以来，伴随经济全球化以及我国市场经济体制的逐步开放，作为国家经济重要推动力量的我国传统产业集群，凭借其丰富的自然和劳动力资源，以低成本制造优势顺利融入世界舞台,并迅速扩大市场份额，大力推动了我国经济的快速增长。然而，随着我国国力增强和经济深度发展引发的资源控制和成本上升， 国外市场应对贸易逆差和本国产业保护而抑制进口等现象的出现， 都使得中国传统产业集群的低成本优势正日渐消失。因此，研究我国传统产业集群如何调整发展模式，通过创建和把握核心竞争力来实现产业升级，对我国传统产业集群的生存和发展乃至国家经济增长， 都具有重要的现实意义。 本文从理论研究和实证分析两方面对我国传统产业集群的升级机制进行研究， 重点突出以劳动密集型为特征的我国传统产业集群实现升级的特点和所应注意的问题， 并结合特定产业集群进行实证分析，提出具有针对性和实践意义的政策建议。 论文的主要研究内容由四部分组成： 第一， 通过对发展过程相类似的意大利传统产业集群和拉美国家传统产业集群的发展经验研究表明， 传统产业集群实现升级的重点应体现在（1）完善集群内部网络结构； （2）企业家精神的培育； （3）行业组织的服务支持作用； （4）政府扶持政策的重要性； （5）产品品牌树立和营销网络效应的实现； （6）全球价值链定位和价值链治理模式影响下的全球市场选择问题。 第二，从内、外两个层面研究我国传统产业集群的升级机制：内部层面是指集群网络结构如何影响传统产业集群创新竞争优势的获取， 首先参照博弈论中公共物品的私人投入博弈对集群内部成员企业合作创新问题进行了分析， 之后分析了集群网络对企业创新竞争优势的影响机制；外部层面则是指基于全球价值链上的升级机制，通过全球价值链价值分析、 价值链驱动力和价值链治理三步走来分析集群的升级机制。这种内、外结合来研究我国传统产业集群升级机制的方法是本文一大创新点，它避免了仅讨论其中之一所造成的不完整性。 第三，选取特定研究对象进行实证分析。通过问卷分析调查，运用统计分析软件对我国传统产业集群典型代表我国西部地区成都家具产业集群进行分析， 验证了本研究所提出的理论框架的可行性和应用性。 第四，本文在前三部分有关国外经验借鉴、理论框架构建和实证分析结果之上，主要从 5 个方面提出了政策建议： （1）政府引导是保障； （2）龙头企业的带头作用； （3）行业协会推动产业集群的学习能力； （4）技术研发与先进管理理念的重视； （5）谨慎并有效利用全球价值链升级理论。 关键词： 传统产业集群，升级机制，集群网络，全球价值链，实证分析 RESEARCH ON CHINESE CONVENTIONAL INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER UPGRADING MECHANISM ABSTRACT Stepping into the 21th century, with the trend of economy globalization and China open door policy, Chinese conventional industrial clusters have vigorously promoted Chinas rapid economic development based on the richness of both nature and labor resources. However, as our internal resource usage control is increasing and foreign countries are taking more policies such as suppress import to protect domestic industries, Chinese conventional industry clusters are losing their advantage of low-cost. As a result, how to adjust the development by creating and grasping the core competitiveness to achieve industrial upgrading have profoundly influenced the future development of Chinese conventional industrial clusters. This paper use both theoretical and empirical analysis to look into the upgrading mechanism of Chinese conventional industrial clusters, which mainly focuses on the labor-intense feature and possible problems that may arise during the process. There are four main parts of research content, which are as follows: Firstly, through analysis on the upgrading experiences of Italys and Latin Americas conventional industrial clusters which have similar developing process with China, we can conclude that in order to realize clusters upgrading, there are some points should be focused on: (1) improve the clusters internal network structure; (2) entrepreneurship training; (3) improve services of industry institutions; (4) the importance of government support policies; (5) realization of establishing prestigious brand and building marketing networks; (6) the global value chain position and global market choice under the influence of global value chain management model. Secondly, analyze the upgrading mechanism of Chinas conventional industrial clusters from both internal In terms of external-mechanism, which is about how to upgrade along the global value chain to gain value globally, here we analyzed the value component, driven-power and management model of global value chain. With considering both internal and external aspects of the upgrading mechanism, we can avoid partial research result. Thirdly, this paper selected a specific subject for empirical analysis. Through the application of questionnaire, attending convention centre, turning to statistical analysis software and local industry commission for support, I got first-hand data of one of the typical Chinese conventional industry clusters, which is Chengdu furniture cluster in southwest China to do empirical analysis aims at verifying the theoretical framework of its feasibility and applicability. Fourthly, based on former theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper end up with some practical policy recommendations for improving the development of Chinese conventional industrial cluster, which are as follows: (1) government guidance is important guarantee ; (2) the crucial role of the leading enterprises; (3) local industrial association to promote the learning ability of the industry cluster; (4) utilization of high-tech and emphasis on the importance of R (5) effective and prudent use of the theory of global value chain upgrading to avoid risk. KEY WORDS ： Chinese conventional industrial cluster, upgrading mechanism, cluster networks, global value chain, empirical analysis 图目录图目录 图 1-1 文章结构图 . 2 图 2-1 网络的基本形态 . 7 图 2-2 全球价值链理论形成示意图 . 9 图 2-3 区域创新网络基本架构 .