现在分词讲解人：李超现在分词的构成和特征v现在分词由“动词原形 +ing”构成 。v及物动词的现在分词可 以带宾语，也可以带状 语，带有状语或宾语的 分词称为分词短语，如 ：telling a story slowly.v否定式：现在分词前加 not。v现在分词与动名词构成 形式相同，也可统称为 ：动词的ing形式。现在分词的语法功能v现在分词的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句 中可以做：定语 状语 表语 宾语补足语 等 现在分词的语法功能v1.做定语 （常用来修饰名词或代词）单个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词之前，分词短语做定语一般放在被修 饰词之后。 e.g. Life is an exciting business.人生是一项激动人心的事业。All moving bodies posses energy.一切运动的物体都具有能量。A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hardworking man.鸡鸣即起的人是一个勤奋的人。He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.他是一位最近几年才富起来的商人。现在分词的语法功能v2.做状语 e.g. Hearing the news ,they immediately set off for Beijing.听到这个消息，他们立即出发到北京去了。（时间状语从句）Relying on our efforts ,we overcame all the difficulties.我们依靠自己的力量，克服了一切困难。（原因状语从句）He turned off the lamp ,seeing nothing.他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。（结果状语从句）Turning to the right ,you will find a path to the village.向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通向村庄的小路。（条件状语从句）He walked down the hill ,singing softly to himself.他从小山上走下来，一路哼着曲儿。（方式或伴随状语从句）现在分词的语法功能v3.做表语 e.g. No matter what kind of work you do ,it needs to be fulfilling and satisfying.不论你做什么工作，都需要给人带来成就感和满足感。The film is very moving and instructive.这部电影既感人又有教育意义。The situation proves encouraging.形势是令人鼓舞的。The story of his life sounds interesting.他的生平听起来很有趣。现在分词的语法功能v4.做宾语补足语 e.g. The teacher caught him smoking in the classroom again.老师又抓住他在办公室抽烟了。I found those students studying very hard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力。She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.她忽然听到有人敲门。He sat at his desk and watched others doing the work for him.他坐在写字台前看着别人为他干活。现在分词的语法功能v试比较：有些感官动词后既可带不定式（有时不带to）做 宾补，也可带现在分词做宾补，二者在意义上稍有区别：做 宾补表示一个完整的动作（已完成），现在分词做宾补表示 瞬间的动作（正在进行）。如：I saw him enter the room.我看见他进了房间。（已进去）I saw him entering the room.我看见他正走进房间。（正往房间里走）现在分词的时态v现在分词的一般式由“动词原形+ing”形式构成。v现在分词的完成式由“having+过去分词”形式构成。现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中，表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的 动作之前发生。 e.g. Having dressed myself, I went to the office.我穿好衣服就去了办公室。Not having done it right ,he tried again.他没有做对，又试了一次。The person having experienced difficulties of life will not be discouraged easily.体验过人生艰辛的人不会轻易丧失信心。现在分词的被动语态v现在分词的被动式：being+过去分词，不仅表示被动的动作，而且表示 这个动作正在发生，或者这个动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 e.g. The first step being taken ,the rest is easy.迈出第一步之后，其余就可以迎刃而解了。The question being discussed are of great importance.正在讨论的问题非常重要。The bridge being built there will be one of the longest in China.正在建造中的那座桥将是中国最长的桥。v现在分词的完成被动式：having been+过去分词，不仅表示被动的动作 ，而且表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 e.g. Having been given such a good chance ,how could she give it up.既然得到这样一个好机会，她怎么可能放弃呢？Having been told that some guests were coming ,she shopped all moring in that supermarket.听说有客人要来，她整个上午都在那家超市购物。Having been married forty years ,they still love each other.他们结婚40年了，仍然相亲相爱。练一练vAfter the Arab states won independence ,great emphasis was laid on expanding education ,with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.A. to be encouraged B. been encouraged C. being encouraged D. be encouraged答案：C 题意 ：阿拉伯国家赢得独立后，特别重视扩大教育，不但鼓励男孩入学， 也鼓励女孩入学。 介词with引出的是分词独立结构，表示一种伴随性动作或补充说明，应选择 being encouraged。