河北工业大学博士学位论文 i教师的组织承诺对组织公民行为及大学绩效的影响研究教师的组织承诺对组织公民行为及大学绩效的影响研究 摘摘 要要 大学肩负着知识生产与传播的使命，随着高等教育市场竞争的日益激烈，其更加注重组织成员特别是教师的忠诚度和创造力。因此，对于大学来说，如何留住优秀教师，提高他们对组织的忠诚度与爱岗敬业精神， 以提高教学与科研水平， 提升教育质量和效益，培养高素质人才来满足社会需求成为亟需解决的现实问题。基于此现实问题，本文试图从教师与学校的心理契约入手，探索与研究教师为什么要忠诚于组织，这种忠诚与教师的奉献行为有何关系，其对组织的战略实现与长远发展有何影响。 本文采用实证研究方法，主要探讨了我国社会文化背景下，教师的组织承诺、组织公民行为、大学组织绩效的结构维度、测量模型，以及三者之间的相互影响关系。采取方便抽样和主观抽样的调查方法，共收集 703 份有效问卷，运用多种统计分析方法对数据进行了分析，验证了研究假设，并就验证结果进行了解释和讨论。 本文的研究贡献和创新点体现为以下三个方面。 （1）在理论研究方面：本文发展了我国情境下大学教师组织承诺的四因素模型，为进一步探讨与其他变量的关系奠定了基础；检验了个人背景因素对大学教师组织承诺和组织公民行为的影响，为深入研究变量间的关系提供了控制变量的参考；验证了教师的组织承诺对组织公民行为的显著正向影响， 丰富了个体态度、 行为与绩效关系的理论研究内容，为进一步研究高校教师工作绩效的评价奠定了理论基础；检验了基于平衡记分卡的教学研究型大学组织绩效测量模型的可靠性和有效性，拓展了非营利组织平衡计分卡的应用领域，为我国高等学校的绩效评估与管理提供了理论基础；验证了教师的组织承诺对大学组织绩效的影响与作用机制，为我国大学的人力资源管理政策制定提供了理论基础。 （2）在方法研究方面：本文开发了大学教师组织承诺的调查量表，为教师组织承诺研究提供了我国情境下的测量工具，从留职的角度丰富了组织承诺的文化内涵，增强了实用性和适用性；通过扩大数据来源、打乱题目顺序、设置反向题等方法对调查研究中可能出现的共同方法变异进行了适当控制，为今后类似研究提供了借鉴；使用结构方程模型不仅验证了各变量之间的关系，还对各维度之间的影响与作用机理进行了分析；使用结构方程模型进行了中介作用的检验，分别检验了部分中介和完全中介作用，在一定程度上简化教师的组织承诺对组织公民行为及大学绩效的影响研究 ii 了统计程序。 （3）在实践应用方面：本文厘清了大学教师对学校忠诚的心理动因，证实了不同背景特征的教师留任动因具有差异性，对大学的人才引进、保持与激励等政策制定具有指导意义；证实了教师的道德规范约束对其奉献行为的影响，对大学的师资培养与培训具有参考价值；提出了基于战略视角的大学组织绩效评估模型，为我国高等教育评估提供新的思路和框架；证实了教师的忠诚度对大学组织绩效的影响，为大学的组织文化管理与绩效改进指明了方向；证实了教师的奉献行为对大学组织绩效的影响，为大学教师的工作绩效评价提供了新的思路。 关键词：关键词：大学教师，组织承诺，组织公民行为，组织绩效 河北工业大学博士学位论文 iiiTHE IMPACT OF TEACHERS ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND THEUNIVERSITYS PERFORMANCE ABSTRACT University has the mission of knowledge production and dissemination. With the competition of higher education market increasingly fierce, universities paid more attention to the loyalty and creativity of its members, especially of teachers. Therefore, for universities, a series of practical problems became urgent to solve which included that how to retain good teachers and increase their loyalty and hard working to the organization in order to enhance the level of teaching and scientific research, improve education quality and efficiency, and cultivate high-quality talent to meet the needs of the community. Based on the practical problems, from psychological contract of teachers and the universities, the dissertation attempted to explore and study why teachers loyal to the organizations, what is the relationship between such loyalty and teachers dedication behaviours and what is the impact of it on the organizations strategy and long-term development. Based on the socio-cultural background of China, the dissertation adopted empirical research methods to explore the dimension structure, measurement model, as well as the impact relationship of teachers organizational commitment(OC), organizational citizenship behavior(OCB), and universities organizational performance(OP). By convenience sampling and subjective sampling, a total of 703 valid questionnaires were collected. Using various statistical analysis methods, the data was analyzed to verify the research hypotheses, and then the verification results were explained and discussed. The main contributions and innovative points of the dissertation are as the following three aspects. (1) On the aspect of theoretical research, the dissertation included five contributions. Firstly, the four-factor model of university teachers organizational commitment was developed to establish foundation for further exploring its relationship with other variables. Secondly, the influence of personal background on OC and OCB of university teachers was tested, through 教师的组织承诺对组织公民行为及大学绩效的影响研究 iv which control variables were found to deeply research their relationship. Thirdly, the impact of teachers OC on OCB was verified to be significantly positive. The result enriched the theoretical research content of individual attitudes, behaviours and performance，and also laid a theoretical foundation for further researching the performance evaluation of university teachers. Fourthly, the reliability and validity of the OPs measurement model for teaching and research universities were tested. The model expanded the applications of Balanced Scorecard for non-profit organizations, and provided a theoretical foundation for performance evaluation and management of Chinas higher education. Fifthly, the impact mechanism of teachers OC on universities OP was verified, which provided a theoretical basis for policy-making about human resources management in Chinese universities. (2) On the aspect of research method, the dissertation provided four contributions. Firstly, the university teachers organizational commitment scale(OCS) was exploited to provide measurement tool for teachers OC research in China. The scale enriched cultural connotation of OC from retention perspective and enhanced the practicality and applicability. Secondly, the possible common method variance was appropriately controlled by expanding the data sources, disrupting the item sequence and designing reverse items, etc. These measures will provide a reference for similar research af