词义的选择、引申和褒贬一 词义的选择toiletToilet table 梳妆台 Toilet water 花露水 Toilet powder爽身粉 An elaborate toilet 盛装 make Make way让路 Make progress取得进步 Make bed铺床 Make a dictionary编字典 吃吃醋 Be jealous 吃香Be very popular 吃透 Have a thorough grasp 吃不消 more than one can stand意见 征求意见Ask ones suggestion 取得一致意见 Reach an agreement 补充几点意见 Add some points to 对某人很有意见 Have complaints about/of吃喜酒Attend the wedding banquet词义选择的考虑因素（一） 根据名词的单复数（二） 根据搭配（三） 根据全文或句子的知识内容（四） 根据词性不同，词义不同（五） 根据词性相同，词义不同（一） 根据名词的单复数air 空气airs 神气 time 时间 times 时代 good 好的 goods 货物 wood 木材 woods 森林 work 工作works 著作 salt 食盐salts 泻药 custom 习俗 customs 关税 minute 分钟minutes 会议记录（二） 根据搭配Dont pick up strange boys. 别和不认识的男孩子勾搭上。 Could you pick me up sometime before six? 你能不能在6点以前来接我？ She picked up a used camera at the flea market. 她在跳蚤市场买了一架旧照相机。 His health picked up after a week in hospital. 他在医院住了一个星期，身体有所恢复。 How did you manage to pick up the language in such a short period of time?你怎么能在这么短的时间里学会这种语言？ There are men in the factory picking up eighty pounds a week? 那个工厂的工人一周能挣80英镑？（二） 根据搭配我可不吃这一套。 I wont take all this lying down. 他要请我们吃馆子。 He is going to invite us out to dinner. 这种纸不吃墨水。 This kind of paper doesnt absorb ink. 这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。 If you let this leak out, Ill make you sorry for it. 只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。他在银行存款，吃利息。 He deposits money in the bank to get interests.A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.（二） 根据搭配请让一让。 Excuse me. / Please let me pass. 她让我在雨里等了两个钟头。 She kept me waiting in the rain as long as two hours. 大夫让我卧床。 The doctor advised me to stay in bed. 他把客人让进来。 He invites the guest in. 他是你弟弟，你该让着他点儿。店主让我父亲一天干16个小时的活。 The shop-owner made my father work 16 hours a day.He is your brother. You should humor him a little. (迁就，迎合)（三） 根据全文或句子的知识内容There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. These are things that we know we dont know. But there are also unknown unknowns. These are things we dont know.我们懂得我们知道一些人所知的情况，我们也懂得我们还不知道 众所周知的不可预测的形势，但还存在我们没有意识到我们不懂的 尚未了解的未知局面。（四） 根据词性不同，词义不同I want to present everyone present a present. 我想给在场的各位赠送一份礼物。动词，赠送；形容词，在场的；名词，礼物 He was too close to the door to close it. 他离门太近以至于关不了门。形容词，接近的；动词，关 The insurance was invalid for the invalid. 该险种对残疾人无效。形容词，无效的；名词，残疾人风太大，吹动了风帆。名词，风；动词，吹动The wind was too strong to wind the soil.The dump was full to refuse more refuse. 垃圾堆已堆满，不能再堆了。动词，拒绝；名词，垃圾 It is wise to object to the unknown object. 拒绝不明物体是明智的。动词，拒绝；名词，物体 Peter decided to desert his wife in the desert. 彼得决定把妻子抛弃在沙漠里。动词，抛弃；名词。沙漠（四） 根据词性不同，词义不同How cant you intimate this to your most intimate partner? 你怎能不把这件事暗示你最亲密的伙伴呢？动词，暗示；形容词，亲密的 The bandage was wound around the wound. 伤口周围裹上了绷带。动词，缠绕；名词，伤口 After a number of injections my face got number. 打了几针后， 我的脸麻木了。名词，许多；形容词，麻木的（五） 根据词性相同，词义不同Its an important matter. 这事很紧要。The article is full of matter. 这篇文章内容丰富。It is a matter of no laughing. 这个问题不是开玩笑。 她企图害他们的性命。 She has designs against their life.I think it necessary to carry on our design at once. 我认为有必要立即实行我们的计划。 The master made the grand design but left his apprentice to fill in the details. 这位大师拟订了这项宏伟设计，但把细节留给弟子去完成。Two men formed a plot to rob the bank.两个人制定了抢劫那家银行的秘密计划。（五） 根据词性相同，词义不同The author wove a story from three plots. 作者将三个情节编成了一个故事。 The local press is brewing a plot to blacken his character. 当地报纸正在策划一个污蔑他名声的阴谋。Mother overlooked her sons fault. 母亲原谅了儿子的过失。 她的工作业绩一直未得到上级的重视。 Her services have been overlooked by her superiors.Our garden is overlooked from the neighbors balcony. 站在邻居家的阳台上可以俯瞰我家的花园。 He did not know he was being overlooked by the landlord.他并不知道他被房东监视。 语言发展变化的标志之一是词义的引申。词形成时的基本 意义叫本义，在使用过程中又出现许多新的意义叫引申义 。 引申词义是根据上下文的内在联系和逻辑关系，透过原文 的表层结构用恰当的汉语词汇和符合汉语习惯的表达法将 原文词语的深层意义表达出来，因此词义的引申不能主观 随意，不能脱离原文词义的基本范围。 引申词义可以从词义选择、词的搭配、词义具体化、词义 抽象化四个方面来考虑。二 词义的引申Sharp 本义： 尖的，锋利的A sharp pin 尖利的大头针A sharp knife 锋利的刀子A sharp sword 锋利的剑A sharp needle 尖细的针1. 敏锐，机警：Sharp eyes Sharp ears A sharp child 敏锐的目光 灵敏的听觉 机灵的孩子2. 线条轮廓分明：Sharp image In a sharp contrast A man of sharp features清晰的形象 鲜明的对比 眼睛鼻子很突出的人3. 急，陡，剧烈： A sharp pain A sharp turn The sharp struggle剧痛 急转弯 激烈的斗争4. 尖刻，苛刻，易怒：A sharp tongue A sharp temper A sharp criticism 犀利的语言 易怒的脾气 尖锐的批评 5. 刺骨，刺鼻，刺耳： A sharp frost A sharp smell A sharp voice刺骨的严寒 刺鼻的气味 刺耳的声音The photo flatters him. 他本人长得没有照片上那么帅。 An idea formed in my mind. 我的头脑里产生了一个想法。 The film fetched the public. 该影片博得了观众的好评。 Tell the policeman your story. 把你知道的情况告诉那位警察。 Do you want regular or king size? 你想要一般尺码还是大尺码的？ Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有苦和甜。 Its a crime you didnt finish school. 你上学没毕业真是件遗憾的事。 The prisoner studied ways to escape. 犯人策划了各种逃跑的方法。 The oil provides some cooling effects. 这种油起到一定的冷却作用。Wait a minute. Let me put on my things. 等一等，让我把衣服穿上。 The big house on the hill is my ambition. 山上的那间大屋是我渴望得到的东西。 The elevator girl reads novels between passengers. 这个看电梯的姑娘在没有乘客坐电梯的时候抓紧时间看小说。 Deng Yingchao is the most difficult part in the film. 在这部影片，邓颖超这个角色是最难演的。 I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. 雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊讶。