南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 i 摘 要 骨料问题是建设水电站时迫切需要解决的关键技术和经济问题，而且，国内外尚未见在重大工程中使用大理岩骨料的先例。本文选取四种骨料研究的目的是研究骨料对混凝土力学及变形性能的影响，并将对待建的水电站有一定的指导意义。 本文研究了砂岩、大理岩、玄武岩、正长岩四种骨料对混凝土和砂浆力学性能和变形性能的影响，研究内容和主要结果包括： 1) 对新拌混凝土的工作性能进行研究，发现四种骨料混凝土中，大理岩混凝土坍落度最大；换言之，大理岩骨料的需水量最小。 2) 对四种骨料混凝土和砂浆的抗压强度、轴拉强度、弹性模量、极限拉伸进行试验研究，发现玄武岩混凝土和砂浆强度最高，但极限拉伸值最低，弹模最高；而正长岩混凝土和砂浆则强度最低，极限拉伸值最高、弹模最低。玄武岩混凝土7d、28d、90d、180d龄期抗压强度比正长岩混凝土在相同龄期的抗压强度分别高99%、116%、50%、55%；大理岩混凝土早期抗压强度略高于砂岩混凝土强度；但它们的90d、180d抗压强度基本相当。 3）采用拉压比和弹强比两个指标，对四种骨料混凝土进行抗裂性分析，得出正长岩混凝土抗裂性最好，大理岩和砂岩混凝土次之，玄武岩混凝土抗裂性最差。 4) 通过圆环收缩开裂试验，评价四种骨料混凝土和砂浆的开裂情况，同时利用Ansys建模来与试验结果相比较，得出四种骨料混凝土中，玄武岩混凝土抗裂性最差而正长岩混凝土抗裂性最好，大理岩混凝土和砂岩混凝土基本相当。 本文属于国家自然科学基金委员会资助（项目批准号50539040）研究工作的一部分。 关键词：骨料岩性，力学性能，变形性能，收缩开裂，ANSYS建模 骨料品种对混凝土力学性能及变形性能的影响 ii Abstract The quality of aggregate is a key parameter that is a problem of technical economy. As so far, marble aggregate is not use to bigness engineering in the world. This paper study the effect of four aggregates on mechanical properties and deformation of concrete and is good to other hyperbolic dams. The paper focues on the influence of four different aggregate types which are sand stone, marble,basalt and syenite aggregates on concrete performance. The main contributions of this dissertation are summarized as follows: 1) The workability of four concrete with different aggregate types is studied in this paper, and the results show that the slump of marble concrete is highest, in the other words, the marble concrete need least water. 2) The compressive strength, axial tensile strength ,ultimate stretching deformatio- n, elastic modulus etc of four aggregate types concrete and mortar are discussed. The strength of basalt concrete and mortar is highest but the ultimate stretching deformation is lowest and the elastic modulus is the highest; syenite concrete and mortar is reverse. The 7d, 28d, 90d, 180d compressive strength of basalt concrete is more99%，116%，50%， 55% than syenite concrete s compressive strength respectively. The earlier ages of strength of marble concrete is higher than sandstone concrete, but later age of strength of both concretes are the basic same. 3) extension- compression ratio and elasitic modulus- compress strength ratio are used to analyse the crack resistence of four type aggregates concrete from the point of mechanical properties and deduce the resist crake capability is poor compare to the other three aggregate concrete, the syenite aggregate concrete s crack resistence is the best in the four aggregates concrete. 4) Predict the cracking age of concrete more precisely based on the shrinkage cracking of concrete ring. Simultaneously the Ansys was also introduced to predict the cracking age of concrete ring. The predicted age of cracking was in agreement with the experimental results resonablely. The research of this dissertation is part of the projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50539040) 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 iii Key Words: Aggregate type, Mechanical properties, Deformation, Shrinkage cracking, Ansys model 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 iii 图表清单 图 1.1 四周铺设金属丝网约束的平板试验示意图(单位 mm) .7 图 1.2 PARVIZ采用的平板法试验装置图.7 图 1.3 圆环约束试验示意图.9 图 1.4 单轴约束试验装置示意图.10 图 2.1 四种骨料形貌.14 图 2.2 四种骨料砂筛分.14 图 2.3 圆环模具设计图.19 图 2.4 圆环模具实物图.19 图 2.5 圆环试验数据采集仪.20 图 2.6 混凝土极限拉伸试验装置.21 图 2.7 抗压弹模试验装置.23 图 2.8 不同骨料混凝土性能研究框架图.24 图 3.1 四种骨料混凝土抗压强度试验结果.30 图 3.2 四种骨料砂浆抗压强度试验结果.30 图 3.3 四种骨料混凝土和砂浆 180 天轴压强度试验结果.31 图 3.4 四种骨料混凝土抗拉弹性模量 /GPa.34 图 3.5 四种骨料混凝土和砂浆 180 天抗拉弹模 /GPa.34 图 3.6 骨料和砂浆 180 天抗压弹模 /GPa.35 图 3.7 U.J.康脱模型.35 图 3.8 混凝土受拉应力- 应变全曲线.