专题四 说明文型完形填空 专题四 说明文型完形填空专题四 说明文型完形填空 专题导读专题四 专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通 常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难 理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指 国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑 、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、 广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事 理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。 包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。 即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。专题四 专题导读说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空 时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因 此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型 完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结 构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写 作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上 到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)； 认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质) 。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词 汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络 清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词 汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“ 作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题典例专题四 真题典例2010上海卷 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _1_. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the outoftown previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，_2_ revising.Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom专题四 真题典例opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _3_several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber _4_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _5_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _6_ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment._7_， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.Even your decision to _8_ topics专题四 真题典例while prewriting is a type of revising.However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _9_.Always make time to become your own _10_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak.Reviewing your work in this way can give you _11_ new ideas. Revising involves _12_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present.When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _13_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose摩托车驾照考试 http:/www.jsyst.cn/mtc/ 2016年摩托车科目一考试 科目四考试教练员从业资格考试 http:/www.jsyst.cn/jly/ 教练员从业资格证理论考试客运从业资格证考试 http:/www.jsyst.cn/keyun/ 道路旅客运输从业资格证考试货运从业资格证考试 http:/www.jsyst.cn/huoyun/ 道路货物运输从业资格证最新试题专题四 真题典例sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _14_ that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _15_ details that may confuse readers? ( )1.A.technique Bstyle Cprocess Dcareer ( )2.A.in particular Bas a resultCfor example Din other words ( )3.A.undergone BskippedCrejected Dreplaced ( )4.A.rewrote Breleased Crecorded Dreserved ( )5.A.addition BresponseCopposition Dcontrast ( )6.A.fixed Bambitious Cfamiliar Dfresh专题四 真题典例( )7.A.However BMoreoverCInstead DTherefore ( )8.A.discuss Bswitch Cexhaust Dcover ( )9.A.drafting BrearrangingCperforming Dtraining ( )10.A.director Bmaster Caudience Dvisitor ( )11.A.personal Bvaluable Cbasic Ddelicate ( )12.A.mixing BweakeningCmaintaining Dassessing ( )13.A.amazing Bbright Cunique Dclear ( )14.A.angles Bevidence Cinformation Dhints ( )15.A.unnecessary BuninterestingCconcrete Dfinal专题四 真题典例【解析】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必需的步骤。 文章讲述了作品修改的目的和途径。1C 参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和 “However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。technique意为“技术”；style意为“风格”； career意为“事业，生涯”，都不符合题意。2D 前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是 revising的方面，in other words意为“换句话说”，符合题意 。in particular意为“尤其，特别”，表强调；as a result意为“ 因此”，表结果；for example意为“例如”，表举例说明；都不 符题意。专题四 真题典例3A 人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了 (undergo)多次修改，与上文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.” 对应。skip(跳远)、reject(拒绝，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合 题意。4A 动词release(释放，赦免，发行)，record(记录，录 音)，reserve(保留，预订)都不符合题意。动词rewrite表示“重写 ，修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇话题相关。5B 介词短语in addition to表示“而且，除之外还有” ；in opposition to表示“与的意见相反”；in contrast to表示 “与形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对 的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品的一种回应”。专题四 真题典例6D fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。7C 副词moreover(而且)类似于but also，表递进含 义；副词however然而，表转折关系；instead作为“替代，反 而”，表相反含义；therefore因此，表原因。由语境可知选C 。8B switch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分