独立主格结构 独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词）主格名词/代词 + 形容词1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.主格名词/代词 + 副词The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名词/代词 + 不定式主格名词/代词 +介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、 条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以 相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但 其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.二、作原因状语 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room. = The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 三、作条件状语 1、With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. = Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain. 四、作伴随状语 1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed. =The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed. 2、Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand. = Last night I followed him , sword in hand. 无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有 动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中 的was就必须去掉：He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而 独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词. Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. = Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.