英美概况(2) American HistoryDiscovery of the New WorldnThe first Americans: the IndiansnDiscoverer: Christopher ColumbusnTime: 1492nRenamed: 1499, by Italian navigator Amerigo VespucciChristopher ColumbusThe Colonial TimenTime: 1607-1733nThe first colonial city: Jamestown (later became Virginia)nLater 13 colonies were establishednColonists: nPoor peasantsnPersecuted puritansnColonies:n New England: industry and commercenSouthern parts: plantationsMayflowerThe War of IndependencenTime: 1775-1783nBackgrounds: development of the economy of the colonies; Oppression of BritainnPrelude: n1773, the Boston Tea Partyn1774, the first Continental CongressnThe process:n1775-4-19, the first shot of Lexingtonn1775-5-10, the second continental congressn1777-10, the victory in Saratoga (turning point of the war)n1781-10, the British soldiers surrenderedn1783, America won the independenceCivil WarTime: 1861-1865 Participants: the South (Democratic) and the North(Republican)Cause: Abraham Lincoln was elected as president The Preface: Lincoln was elected as President-1860.11 South Carolina voted to leave the Union-the signal of the warThe eleven southern states form an independent nation the Confederate States of America (beginning)The process of the Civil Warn nThe first stageThe first stage(1861-(1861- 1862.summer)1862.summer)n nFailure after failure came Failure after failure came to the North. (see the to the North. (see the contrast)contrast)n nThe second stageThe second stage：（：（18621862，9 9 18651865，4 4）n nHomestead BillHomestead Bill（宅地法）（宅地法） 1862,51862,5n nThe Emancipation The Emancipation Proclamation- 1863,1,1Proclamation- 1863,1,1n nBattle of Gettysburg- Battle of Gettysburg- 1863,7.1, turning point1863,7.1, turning pointn nThe third stage: the victory.The third stage: the victory.1865,4,2 Richmond was 1865,4,2 Richmond was abandon. abandon.The NorthThe SouthPopula tion2234万910万Indust ryDeveloped Fewrailroa dsmany Nearly zeroMilitar yNot well equippedFully armedSpecial figures in the warnLincoln(1809-1865)nthe 16th president of America.nSailor, worker, postman,salesmannHonest AbenWide interests, reading books like Bible, works of ShakespearenAssassinated in 1865,4,14Abraham Lincoln 宅地法内容简介：只要连续在美国居住5年， 每人交10美元，就可以在西部获得160亩土 地。（对于毫无土地和自由的黑人和农奴来 说，这是极大的诱惑，因此大大激发了黑人 以及农奴参战的积极性。） 宅地法的影响：为以后西进运动奠定了基础。 （因为农奴获得的土地都在西部，因此才有 了后来的西进运动。）备注Special Figures in the War (Cond.)nHarrie Beecher Stowe(1811-1896) 哈里特斯托n American female writernmain works: Uncle Toms Cabin n n林肯说过，一个小夫人和林肯说过，一个小夫人和 一本书引起了一场战争（一本书引起了一场战争（ 美国内战美国内战) )Special battle in the warnBattle of Gettysburgnturning point of the warnlasting for three daysnSpeech in Gettysburgof Lincoln :“ government of the people, by the people, for the people”n要使那民有、民治、民享 的政府不至于从地球上消 失。 Influence of the warnLost more soldiers in this war than in any other nTwo achievements:nrealize the unification of the American nationnEnd the slavery systemWestward MovementnTime : the years following the end of the civil war in 1865 nPeople: miners ,farmersnPurpose: seek for gold and silver nPlace: Rocky mountain region nFamous figures: hired horsemen-cowboys nResults: Indians are withdrew and buffalos were destroyed Progressive movementnCause: economy booming + prosperity spreading but poverty coexist nMeasures: change policyn before1900 : laissez-faire n after1900: progressivismn Achievements: passing laws restricting child labor, protecting women workers, limiting work hours and providing worker men compensation let the sleeping dog lieNew DealnEconomy circle: n lowest pointrecovery prosperityrecession- -lowest point n1929,10,24 Black Thursday, Great Depression broke out. nHoover nFranklin D.Roosevelt nNew DealThanks and Any Questions?