闲静时如娇花照水， 行动处似弱柳扶风。 In stillness she made one think of a graceful flower reflected in the water; In motion, she called to mind tender willow shoots caressed by the wind.曹雪芹红楼梦， David Hawkes 译他像饥饿的穷人在一家家大食品店门口经过一样， 被他遇到的那么多的勋章所激怒。花儿为什么这样红？红得好像燃烧的火焰。我爱你，就像老鼠爱大米。日照香炉生紫烟，遥看瀑布挂前川。飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。-唐李白望庐山瀑布A Red, Red Rose -Robert Burns O my Luves like a red, red rose, Thats newly sprung in June. O my Luves like the melodie, Thats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I, And I will luve thee still, my Dear, Till a the seas gang dry.Till a the seas gang dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun! And I will luve thee still, my Dear, While the sands o life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve! And fare thee weel, a while! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho it were ten thousand mile!英汉修辞对比之 明 喻 Simile明喻(simile)的定义（1）A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.-A Dictionary of Literary TermsA simile, to be perfect, must both illustrate and ennoble the subject, must show it to the understanding in a clearer view and display it to the fancy with greater dignity.臻于完美的明喻必须使主旨既明确，又崇高，有利于清楚易 懂，诉诸想象，强化效果。-塞缪尔 约翰逊（Samuel Johnson,1709-1784)A simile is an expressed likeness. The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with some- thing else by means of using similes. Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective similis, meaning like.-Rhetoric in PracticeA direct comparison between two or more unlike things; normally introduced by like or as.- Encyclopedia of English明喻(simile)的定义（2）亦称“直喻”，它是就两个不同事物之间的相似点进行对比， 用具体的、浅显的和熟知的事物去说明或描写抽象的、深奥 的、生疏的事物，以获得生动形象、传神达意的修辞效果。-吕熙实用英语修辞 任何一个明喻都必须具备以下条件：（1）本体和喻体必须是本质不同的非同一类事物。（2）本体和喻体必须是在某一点上（声色、形状、动作、功 能、或用途）极为相似，即有所谓的相似点（similarity).(3) 两者之间的相似性，必须能引起比喻联系，由甲义发展为乙义。（4）喻体是具体的、形象的，须为人们习见、熟知和常用。-吕熙实用英语修辞明喻（simile)的修辞特征. 联想性具体性鲜明性实意性形象性通俗性明喻（simile)的构成明喻构成 三要素：1.本体（subject 或tenor,或 primary term, 被比喻的事物）2. 喻体（reference或vehicle,或secondary term 用着比喻的 事物3.喻词（indicator of resemblance,acknowledging word或 simile marker, 使本体和喻体发生相比关系的词）一个完整的比喻通常由这三部分主成。其基本表达方式： “甲像乙”，明白无误的表示出本体和喻体之间的比喻关系，所 以称为明喻-民间谓之曰“打比方”。常用的比喻词有：as, like, seem, as if/as though结构, such as结构, liketo结构, compareto结构, asas结构, the way(in which)结构, might as well as结 构, A is to B what C is to D结构，No morethan结构, with 结构, A and B结构最典型的明喻格式：A is like B, A is asas B 英汉明喻喻体比较（1）喻体相同：as cold as ice-冰冷as cunning/sly as a fox-狡猾得像只狐狸as still as death-死一般寂静as graceful as a swan-像天鹅一样优美as chaste as ice-冰清玉洁as fat as a pig-肥得像猪as handsome as paint-美丽如画as greedy as a wolf-像狼一样贪婪as busy as a bee-忙若蜜蜂as firm as a rock-坚如磐石as light as a feather-轻若鸿毛as faithful as a dog-像狗一样忠实as proud as a peacock-孔雀般骄傲/孔雀般虚荣as timid as a mouse-胆小如鼠as black as pitch-一片漆黑as brave as a lion-像狮子一样勇猛as straight as an arrow-像箭杆一样笔直as slow as a tortoise-像乌龟一样缓慢as high as a kite-像风筝一样高as quiet as a lamb-像羔羊一样驯良as sharp as a knife-像刀一样锋利as hungry as a wolf-像只饿狼as black as a crow-像乌鸦一样黑as motionless as a statue-像尊塑像一动不动as cold as a marble-像大理石一样冰凉as old as the hills-像山一样长寿、寿比南山喻体相异：to eat like a horse（像马一样地吃）-狼吞虎咽to drink like a fish（像鱼儿一样地喝）-牛饮like a drowned rat（像只落汤鼠）-像只落汤鸡like a peacock among sparrows（如孔雀站在麻雀当中）- -鹤立鸡群like a hen on a hot girdle（像热烤盘上的母鸡）-如热锅上的蚂蚁as drunk as a rat（醉得像只老鼠）-烂醉如泥as merry as a cricket（像蟋蟀一样快乐）-快乐似神仙/快乐得像喜鹊/百灵鸟as poor as a church mouse（穷得像教堂里的耗子）-一贫如洗 As drunk as a skunk Like water off a ducks backas thin as a lath/pin（骨瘦如板条）-骨瘦如柴as close/mute as an oyster（像牡蛎一样三缄其口）-守口如瓶as stupid as a goose(愚蠢如鹅）-愚蠢如猪like a duck to water(如鹅在水）-如鱼得水like a cat in a hole(洞中之猫）-瓮中之鳖talk like a book(说起话来像书本）-说话文绉绉的as scarce as hens teeth(罕见如母鸡牙齿）稀有的as grave as a judge(严肃如法官）-铁板着脸不苟言笑as flat as a pancake(平整得像煎饼）-完全扁平的非常平 的as large as life(大如生活）-与实物一般大小的（口语）亲自；确确实实as black as Styx（漆黑如斯地得司河）阴深漆黑as American apple pie(像美国苹果派）地道美国似的as mute as a fish(似鱼般不作声）默不做声as plentiful as blackberries(像黑莓那样到处都是)-雨后春笋明喻佳例欣赏(常见结构）My heart is like a singing birdWhose nest is in a watered shoot.我的心像正在歌唱的小鸟，巢儿就筑在粘满雨露的嫩枝间。(C.G. Rossetti: A Birthday)I wondered lonely as a cloud.我像一朵浮云独自漫游。（W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils)Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last（Francis Bacon: Of Beauty)美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存He was very thin and his skin hung on his bones like an old suit much too large for him.他瘦得皮包骨，那松弛的皮肤像一件大得不合适的旧衣服耷拉像一件大得不合适的旧衣服耷拉在骨架上。 在骨架上。TruthTruth always rises above falsehood, always rises above falsehood, as oil rises above wateras oil rises above water. .真理总是高于谬误，真理总是高于谬误，就像油总是在水面上Beauty, sweet love, is like the morning dew.美好、甜蜜的爱，犹若清晨的露珠犹若清晨的露珠。There be