Lecture Five Commonly Used Translation Methods(1)Lecturer:Translation Theory & Practice (2) Course No. 1400142Methods are not all, but youll be more resourceful when equipped with more.Commonly Used Translation Methods(1)Equipment with translation methods helps open our mind and widen our field of vision in our work.(1)我们要顺乎潮流，合乎民意，为建立和发展两 国的建设性战略伙伴关系而不断向前迈进。We should, going along with the trend of the times and responding to the will of the people, continue our march towards the establishment and development of a constructive strategic partnership between our two countries. (v. n.) 1. 1. Conversion of parts of speechConversion of parts of speech 1.1 Conversion into nouns1.1 Conversion into nouns(2) 展望未来，对中国经济的发展，完全可以 持乐观态度。 Cf. 1:When one looks into the future, one may have good reason to be optimistic about Chinas economic development. 2: A look into the future may very well justify ones optimism about Chinas economic development.(v. n.) (coming closer to the original meaning and form)(3) 按照北京市制定的新世纪战略发展规划， 2010年，北京率先在全国基本实现现代化。According to the strategic plan Beijing has formulated for its development in the new century, Beijing will be the first city in mainland China to realize initial modernization in 2010. (adv. n.) (4) 以信息化带动产业化，发挥后发优势，实现 社会生产力的跨越式发展。1. 2 Conversion into verbsWe will promote IT-driven industrialization and give play to advantage of new comers / late starters so as to expand productive forces by leaps and bounds. (n. v.)(5) 中国的畜牧业（除牛奶、羊毛外）将是入世 后主要的农业受益行业。Chinas animal husbandry, excluding dairy and wool, in its farming sector will benefit most from its entry into WTO. (adj. v.) (6) 大家都应有环保意识，不要乱扔垃圾。1.3 Conversion into adjectivesEveryone of us should be environment-conscious, and refrain from littering. (n. adj.) Comprehensive planning and more effective leadership-that is our policy. (v. -adj.) (7) 全面规划, 加强领导, 这就是我们的方针。(8) 此人口才不俗，不会找不到话说。He is quite / much of a talker, and never finds it hard to find a word. (adj. adv.) (9) 这份合同事关两个公司的前途，未经本公 司董事会许可，我无权签署这个合同。 1.5 Conversion into prepositionsThis is a contract bearing on the future of our two companies, and it is beyond my power to sign such a contract as has not been considered and approved by the Board of Directors of our company. （10）我们要站在历史的高度，用战略的眼 光来审视和处理两国关系。We should, from a historical height and in a strategic perspective, view and handle the bilateral relations of ours. (V- Prep)(11) 为推动中国经济走向世界，进一步扩大对外 开放，我们采取了许多重大举措。1.4 Conversion into adverbsWe have adopted many major measures to enable China to join the world economically and open the country still wider to the outside. (n. adv.) 2.1 Amplification: For rhetorical or structural reasons or for the purpose of compensation.2. Proper amplification and reduction(12) 路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四 个大字。To the left of the path is a large rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters “云外流春” (yun wai liu chun , meaning “beyond clouds flows spring”) written by Su Dongpo (1037- 1101), the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty(960- 1127). (Compensation for the necessary background information (Chinese readers default information) )(13) 春天, 鲜花盛开，校园里空气中弥漫着芳香， 沁人心脾，分外令人舒畅。The air of the campus perfumed by spring flowers in full bloom gives you a feeling of exceptionally refreshing comfort. (adj. n.)Also: With spring flowers perfuming in full bloom, the air of the campus gives you a feeling of exceptionally refreshing comfort.(14)努力解决发展思路不清的问题。to solve the problems of being unclear about the path of development(15) 香港特别行政区(HKSAR)成立5年来，受到 了亚洲金融危机的冲击和全球经济不景气的影响 。2.2 ReductionDuring the past five years since its establishment, the HKSAR has been affected by the Asian financial crisis and global economic recession. (cf: impact)(16) 一旦置身于异国他乡，他发现自己晕头转向， 无力应付周围的环境。Once in a foreign land, he found himself disoriented and incompetent to cope with the environment around him.（17）入世后，中美经贸问题将更多地转入具体产 品和具体服务行业的贸易纠纷。After Chinese entry into WTO, trade disputes between China and US will be mostly over specific products and services.(18) 这个港口是一个四季不冻的天然良港 。 3. Shift between affirmative and negativeThe port is a natural all-season one.(19) 若买方在规定日期内未开来信用证，本合同 即告无效，但经卖方同意延期的不在此例。Should the Buyers Letter of Credit fail to reach the Seller before the stipulated date, the Contract shall be considered as null and void unless the Buyer approves the extension. 我们一定会胜利 we will not fail. 不会离开的 I am staying. XX饭店地处北京市中心 At the XX hotel, you cant get closer to Beijing. 防止出现半拉子工程 to ensure that projects are not stopped midway. 上车投币不找零钱 please tender exact fare.(21) 冬季若你怕冷的话，可以到没有酷暑和严冬的“ 春城”-昆明，那里有引人入胜的石林和滇池。If you dislike cold, you may find Kuming, in southern China , attractive to go to ,which is also named “City of Eternal Spring” for its year round spring like weather, where you can see the stone forest and the Dianchi lake, two fascinating scenic spots.(22) 这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予 以