1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补过去分词The Past Participle used asAttribute and Predicative单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的 前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰 词的后面。1.English is a widely used language.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.过去分词作定语2.He threw away the broken cup.4.Prices of daily goods bought through acomputer can be lower than store prices.v spoken English = English which is spokenv terrified people= the people who are terrifiedv an organized way= a way that is organizedv affected area 灾区= the area which is affectedstolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolenthe book recommended by the teacher= the book which was recommended by the teacherprinted articles= articles that are printedDiscovering Useful Structures P4Find more examples in the reading passage where the past participle is used as attribute and predicative.1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 3) He got interested in the two theories. 4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood(Attribute)(Attribute) (Predicative)(Predicative)Past Participle as the AttributePast Participle as the Predicative1. terrified people1.2. reserved seats2.3. polluted water3.4. a crowded room4.5. a pleased winner5.6. 6. children who look astonished7. 7. a vase that is broken8.8. a door that is closed9.9. the audience who feel tired10.10. an animal that is trappedPast Participle as the AttributePast Participle as the Predicative1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trappedThere are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. = Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大， 从没去过北京)及物动词的过去分词表示“结束了的被 动动作”或者没有一定的时间性,只表示 “被动关系”。v polluted water= water which is pollutedv reserved seats= the seats which were reservedv trapped animal = the animal which was trappedv boiled water= water which has boiledv fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen v risen sun= the sun which has risen不及物动词的过去分词不表被动， 只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含 有“动作完成，动作结束”之含义。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定 语，前后用逗号隔开。The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的 喜爱。Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没 过北京.The book _ (一本农民 写的书) is very popular. The building _(去年建 的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. The problem _ (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. The window _ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.written by the farmerbuilt last yeardiscussed at the meeting yesterdaybroken by that naughty boyThe children _昨 天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. The people _(暴露在阳光 下的) got sunburnt. The boy _( 受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. The water _( 送到他家的水) carried disease.examined in the hospital yesterdayexposed to the sunpunished severely by the teacherdelivered to his homeThe English today is quite different from the English _(300 年前所说的). Most of the artists_ (被 邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. The students _(受到 老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.spoken in the past 300 yearsinvited to the party inspired by the teacher过去分词 作定语语A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playingA解析过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关 系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修 饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.Consolidation1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buyingB2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settlingC. to settle D. being settledC3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. knownD4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, read B. pinning, readingC. pinned, reading D. pinned, read C. pinned, reading2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处 的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被 当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled,