weightliftingYet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工shop+lifter shoplifterlifter n. 小偷Word Formation构词法巧用构词法原则帮助解答阅读理解中的猜测词义题构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding) 转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY一、派生法（Derivation） 由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀 （suffix）构成新词。un-否定前缀dis- in- im- mis- non-understand polite smoker agree fair visible Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? 1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeat above sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowdedHe enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important suffixes: -ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, - able, -less, -en等 sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj. sharpen v._strength _ brightWith their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成 一个新词。For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day- dreaming student down-to-earth.honest or practical实事求是，脚踏实地Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.tongue-tiedoverseashighlight三、转化法（ Conversion ）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.n. v. take/bearSo when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasureKeep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.(2004NMET)calmupsetshurtNever trouble trouble untiltrouble troubles you.四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）DVMVPSOSWWWDigital VideoMost Valuable PlayerSave Our ShipWorld Wide Web1It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man. What does the word “mispresent ” mean? A.Making a wrong judgment aboutB.Understanding somebody wronglyC.Giving a wrong description ofD.Forming a wrong opinion aboutmis- sth. is done wrong or badlypresent vt. describe2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. The word “nonrecyclables” probably means? A.nonrecycling papersB.things that can not be recycledC.anything can be recycledD.recyclable thingsrecycle v. 使再循环，回收利用recyclable adj. 可回收利用的nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西3. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain The word “transplant” probably means? A.To transport from one place to another B.To translate from one part to another C.To move from one part of the body to anotherD.To change one form to another.trans- changetransplant 移植transport 运输，交通4.My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away.(2004 NMET)By saying “Karl became withdrawn” , the author means that the boy changed entirely and _.A.preferred to stay alone at home B.lost interest in his studies C.refused to talk to others D.began to dislike his motherwith- draw backwithdrawn 退缩，（在社交场合或 情绪方面）变得冷漠When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.Thank you!英语构词法在高考中的应用 本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及 转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语 义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析： 1. We drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考 ) 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考) 考点精讲