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Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?词汇精讲1. last(1)last 作形容词时,意为“最后的,最末的”或者“紧接前面的,刚过去的” 。例如:Today is the last day in the year. 今天是今年的最后一天。I didnt sleep well last night. 昨晚我没睡好。(2)last 作副词时,意为“最后地” ,例如:Im the last one. 我是最后一个。(3)last 做动词时,意思是“持续,继续,维持”等,例如:The hot weather lasted a week. 炎热的天气持续了一周。2. as(1)as 作介词时意为“作为 ”,其后多接表示职业、职务、用途、作用之类的名词。例如:He works as a worker. 他作为一名工人而工作。I used one of my shoes as a hammer. 我拿我的一只鞋当锤子使。(2)as 还可以作连词,其后多接从句或介词短语。例如:All the six students do as the teacher says. 所有这六个学生都按照老师说的做。3. camp(1)camp 作动词,意为“扎营,搭帐篷” 。例如:We go camping every summer. 我们每年夏天都去野营。We walked all day and camped by a river at night. 我们走了一天,晚上在一条河边宿营。(2)camp 作名词,意为“露营地,度假营” 。例如:Lets go back to the camp, its getting dark. 让我们回营地吧,天黑下来了。We spent two weeks at camp this summer. 我们今年夏天在度假营玩了两周。4. sheepsheep 可数名词,意为“绵羊” ,它的复数还是 sheep;而 goat 侧重指山羊。例如:How many sheep are there on your farm? 你们农场里有多少只羊?拓展:常见的单复数同形的名词还有:deer (鹿), fish (鱼) , Chinese (中国人), Japanese(日本人)等。5. by by 介词, 意为“在旁边” , 表示位置,相当于 beside。例如:Our teacher is sitting by the window. 我们老师坐在窗户旁边。拓展:by 作介词的其他常见用法:(1)表示移动方向,意为“经过” 。例如:My mother goes by the building every day. 我妈妈每天从这栋楼旁边经过。(2)表示方式及手段,意为“用,靠,通过” 。He makes a living by fishing. 他以捕鱼为生。(3)与交通工具名词连用时,名词前不用冠词,意为“乘、坐、用”等。例如:I went there by bike. 我骑自行车去那儿的。6. tiredtired 形容词,意为“疲倦的,疲劳的,累的” ,be tired of 意为“对厌烦” 。tired 的反义词是 tireless,意为“不知疲倦的” 。例如: He looks tired today. 他今天看起来很累。She was tired of watching TV. 她看电视看得厌倦了。拓展:tiring 指“令人困倦的,使人疲劳的,累人的” 。例如:It was a long tiring day. 这一天让人感到又累又长。7. stay(1)stay 不及物动词,意为“停留,逗留” ,后常接介词短语表示停留的地点。stay up 意为“熬夜;不睡觉” ;stay up late 意为“熬夜,睡的很晚” 。例如:Its raining outside, so we have to stay at home. 外面正在下雨,因此我们不得不呆在家里。Do you often stay up? 你经常熬夜吗?(2)stay 可以做连系动词,意为“维持,保持” ,其后常接形容词作表语。例如:The weather will stay fine for several days. 天气将持续几天晴朗。(3)stay 可以作名词,意为“停留、逗留” 。例如:During my stay in Beijing, I had a good time. 我在北京逗留期间玩的很高兴。8. shout(1)shout 作动词,意为“ 呼喊(叫) ,大声说,叫嚷” 。shout at 意为“冲大声嚷”,方式比较粗鲁;shout to 意为“朝喊” ,常因为距离远或者周围嘈杂而喊,目的让对方听见。例如:She shouted at the old man. 她大声呵斥那老人。He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人喊。(2)名词,意为“呼喊,叫喊” 。例如:What a terrible shout! 多可怕的叫喊声!9. put upput up 意为“搭建,搭起” ,着重指建造或搭起一个具有一定高度的具体的物体。在口语中 set up 与 build 也有此意。例如:Its going to rain. Lets put up the tent. 天要下雨了,我们把帐篷搭起来吧。拓展:put up 还可意为“挂起,张贴;举起;抬起 ”之意。例如:Please help me put up the picture. 请帮我挂起这幅画。If you know the answer, please put up your hands. 如果知道答案,请举手。10. surprise(1)surprise 作名词,意为“惊奇,惊讶, 惊喜” ,作抽象名词时通常不可数,也可以具体化变为可数名词;get a surprise 意为“吃惊” 。例如:He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到让我吃惊。(2)surprise 作动词,意为“使吃惊/震惊” ,后面常接人作宾语。例如:The news surprised us greatly. 这条消息使我们大为吃惊。11. movemove 的用法比较多,现总结如下:(1)move 可作及物动词,意为“移动、搬动、使改变位置(或姿势) ”。例如:He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙发移到左边。(2)move 作及物动词,还可意为“感动、鼓动、激动” 。例如:The speech moved them to tears. 那场演说把他们感动得落泪。(3)move 还可作不及物动词,意为“离开、动身迁移、搬家” 。例如:He moved his family to a smaller house. 他把家搬到一个较小的房子里。注意: 搬到某地常用 move to + 地点,但当副词作地点状语时,此时可省略掉 to。拓展:move house 搬家 move to Paris 搬到巴黎 move in 搬进,迁进 move on 继续前进12. wake upwakeupwake up wake up 意为“ 醒来” ,是不及物动词词组,其后不能接表示人的名词或者代词。例如:The students usually wake up early. 学生们通常醒的很早。wakeup wake sb. up 意为“把某人叫醒” ,是指一方把另一方叫醒或者吵醒,wake和 up 之间加表示人的名词或者代词。例如:Dont wake your father up. Hes too tired. 不要把你父亲吵醒。他太累了。词汇精练. 英汉互译。1. 大声叫嚷_ 2. go to the cinema_ 3. give back_4. 周末愉快_ 5. 当导游_ 6. kinds of_7. 打羽毛球_ 8. 跑开_ 9. go boating. 根据句意、汉语意思或首字母提示补全单词。1. He works in a factory a_ a manager.2. He was taking a walk in the park when he heard the s_ “Help! Help me!” from the lake.3. What time do you w_ up every day?4. The children p_ up a tent by the river.5. Where did you go l_ Sunday?6. She was so badly hurt that she couldnt m_ any longer.7. We went to the b_ yesterday, and I saw the beautiful sea.8. My father can speak three l_.9. There are some tigers in the f_.10. The m_ in the old house are noisy at night. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. They went _ (camp) last weekend.2. There are a lot of _ (visit) in Beijing.3. I was very_ (surprise) at the news.4. He is much too _ (tire) after hard work.5. Did you _ (stay) up late yesterday?6. How many _ (sheep) are there on the farm?7. Last Sunday, we _(visit)our ant and _ (have) a good time.8. There _ (be) telephone call for you two minutes ago.9. He _ (see) an old man in the yard when he came in.10. What _ you _ (do) last Sunday?参考答案. 1. shout at 2. 去看电影 3. 把送回去 4. have a good weekend 5. work as a guide 6. 各种各样的 7. play badminton 8. run away9. 去划船 . 根据句意、汉语意思或首字母提示补全单词。1. as 2. shout 3. wake 4. put 5. last 6. move 7. beach 8. languages 9. forest 10. mice . 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. camping 2. visitors 3. surprised 4. tired 5. stay6. sheep 7. v
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