动名词和现在分词的 区别动名词和现在分词都是由ving构成 ，在句中都能作表语和定语，而且都 保留着动词的一些特征，有其完成式 和被动态。那么ving形式到底是现 在分词还是动名词呢？下面有五种区 别方法： （1）如果ving形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主 谓关系，就是现在分词，它相当于定语从句表动 作或状态；如果逻辑上没有主谓关系，则是动名 词，它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替，该 介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后 ，表目的或用途na moving blackboard- moving：n现在分词，a moving blackboard=a blackboard which is moving na walking tractor手扶拖拉机n（walking：现在分词，awalking tractor=a tractor which is walking） na sleeping car= a car for sleepingnA visiting card= a card for visitingn（2）如果ving形式是说明主语怎么样，表示的是主语 的形状、特征的是现在分词，现在分词起着形容词和副词 的作用，在句中作宾补和状语，一般用how提问，后不带 宾语，但可用very，so，quite等词修饰，也可用more和 most分别构成比较级和最高级。如果ving形式是说明主 语是什么，即主语的具体内容，强调主语的行为、功能和 用途的则为动名词。动名词起着名词的作用，在句中作主 语和宾语，一般用what提问，也可用状语来修饰，但不能 用程度副词very，much等修饰。例如： n1）The news is very exciting（exciting：现在分词） n2）Laying eggs is her fulltime job（laying：动名词 ） n（3）动名词作表语，和主语间可以划等号 ，甚至可以交换位置。如上述例句2）可改 写成：Her fulltime job is layingeggs而 现在分词充当表语，不能同主语划等号， 因此不能同主语换位置。例句1）不能改写 成：Exciting is the news n（4）ving前有冠词、物主代词、名词所 有格或指示代词的是动名词，构成动名词 复合结构；用来构成复合形容词的ving形 式和独立主格结构中所用的ving形式的是 现在分词。例如： n1）His coming was unexpected（ coming：动名词） n2）The Chinese are brave and hard working（working：现在分词） 4.attentionnA.这里的物主代词（its,their, our等）或名 词所有格，仅仅是表示动名词逻辑主语的 一种形式，绝不表示所属。应该把它们分 别译成人称代词(it, they/them, we/us 等） 或名词普通格nI want to avoid his/Johns thinking that I dont want to helpnI dont mind the girls/ their changing their minds.nB. 在动名词的逻辑主语为名词普通格时， 应把动 名词符合结构与现在分词短语作其前面名词的后 置定语区别开来， 而这只能根据句子的概念是否 符合逻辑来判断。nA circuit can be broken by a switch being openedn电路可以通过打开开关来断开（动名词作by 的宾 语、如果是后置定语作分词应译为电路可有正在 被打开的开关来断开 不符合逻辑）nThe energy absorbed by a circuit can be represented by the current flowing in the circuitn电路消耗的能量可用在该电路中流动的电流来表 示（明显是现在分词作后置定语因为如果看成是 动名词复合结构，则该句就该译成“电路所消耗的 能量可以通过电流在该电路中流动来表示”显然是 不符合逻辑的）动名词作表语与现在分词构成进行 时的区别n主要是看这个句子的主语能否发出ing v这 个动作，能则未进行时，不能则为动名词 作表语nEg: the use of an electric motor is changing electric energy into mechanical energynThis electric motor is changing electric energy into mechanical energyIng分词的时态与语态语态 时态Active voicePassive voice一般时DoingBeing done完成时Having doneHaving been done入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！一般式分词所表示时间与主要动词 之时间一致或表将来nHe insists on his being right=he insists that he is rightnI am sure of his coming=I am sure that he will comenSeeing the policeman, he ran away= when he saw the policeman, he ran away完成时分词，用以表现动名词的时 间比主句的时间更早She is ashamed of having done that= she is ashamed that she has done that完成时分词，用以表现动名词的时 间比主句的时间更早She is ashamed of having done that= she is ashamed that she has done thatn他否认对我们的计划有所知悉nHe denied having known anything of our plan=He denied that he had known anything of our plann我记得曾听过这个故事nI rememeber having been told the storyn完成工作后，我就回家了nHaving finished my work, I went home.动名词的惯用语nGo on+ving/go on with+n:继续做nGo on to+v: 接着做（不同的事）n他连续说了两个小时 nHe went on talking for two hoursn写完字后，他接着读书nAfter writing, he went on to readn继续做你的工作nGo on with your work2.allow, permit后如果再接动词，则该动词改 为ving如宾语为人时，则接to vn他们不许（我们）在此抽烟nThey dont allow/permit (our) smoking herenThey dont alow/permit us to smoke here3.There is no+ving=it is impossible to do (是不可能的）n不知道以后会发生什么事nThere is no knowing what will happennIt is impossible to know what will happennAttention: ving 后面为名词从句时，注意其 主句，动词的位置nThere is no telling where he will go/ there is no telling where will he go4. It is no use+ving=it is of no use to do(是没有用的）n覆水难收nIt is no use crying over spilt milknIt is of no use to cry over spilt milknattention: 此句型的it 可以改为there, 如：nIt is no use worrying= there is no use worrying nOf no use=useless5. on+ving, S+ved =as soon as+ved, s+ved (一就）n她一听到这消息，就写信给他nOn hearing the news, she wrote to himnAs soon as she heard the news, she wrote to himnAttention： ving前加on时， 作一就解=as soon asnEg: on crossing the road, I slippedn in crossing the road, I slipped6. Feel like doingn你想去散步吗nDo you feel like taking a walknAttention:(想要） would like to+v/like.want to+v7. Be busy (in)+ving (忙于）n 他忙于家庭作业nHe is busy doing his homeworknBusy。With 为。而忙n 他现在正忙于一些重要的工作n He is now busy with some important work入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！8. Be worth doingnworth 是具有介词性质的形容词，后面必须有宾 语。nWorth 后接主动动名词时，含有被动含义nBe worth+ n/ving be well worth/be more worthn of worth :be of little/no worth books of real worth / nothing of worth.paintings of exceptional worthnBe worthy+ of+n or being+p.p / to be+p.pnIt is worth (ones) while + to+v /vingnIt pays to vBe worth doingn在大学受到 教育对你今后会大有帮助nA college education will be of great worth to you latern知识是值得追求的nKnowledge is worth working forn他的建议值得我们考虑nHis suggestion is worth our considerationnOne dollars worth 名词用 意味价值这本小说值得一读nThe novel is worthy of being read again and againnThe novel is worth reading again and againnThe novel is worthy reading again and again那位英雄的勇气是值得赞扬的nThe heros courage was worthy of high praisenThe heros courage was worthy of being praised highlynThe heros courage was worthy to be praised highlyWorth while 值得 可单独作表语 it is worth while 句型中，后可接动名词或不定式n买下那本书是值得的nBuying the book is worth