结构复杂 专业术语多 生词多 解释性、定义性句子多说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明 事理, 给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物的解 说, 或对抽象事理的阐释, 使人们从而获得有关的知 识。做好说明文阅读题，要注意以下几点：对“科普知识，动植物特征，自然现象 ，新产品，新工艺，新发明发现，人文地理，风 土人情”等的介绍时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。who, what, when, where, how, why主要题材：说明顺序：主要方面：说明方法：为了把事物的本质特征说清 楚, 或者把事理阐述明白, 常用下列说明 方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因 果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义 、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明 相异、类比说明相似等。结构特点：说明文的大体结构有： (1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述(总分总)； (2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相 关启示。语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科 普知识方面的题材, 文中常包含有结构复杂、句意 深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高, 解题的 难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质 特征。阅读时须注意： (1) 注意说明的顺序, 了解文章的结构, 把握文 章的脉络。(2) 在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分(主 谓宾)、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图或 结构、流程图。 通读全文（留意首句和每段的topic sentence ） 细读试题 题文对照 筛选答案说明文之细节理解题 列举处 firstly, secondly, 例证处for example, as 转折对比处 however, but, unlike, not so much as, 复杂句中(1)短文略，见资料书P87A. help students get a high-paid job B. help students work in Google C. encourage students to give up science D. arouse students interest in liberal arts1. Stanford University held a lecture of literature and philosophy to _.1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句 Seeking to re-arouse interest in the liberal arts 可知。A. a period when something begins to be accepted. B. a period when something is out-dated. C. a period when something is most popular. D. a period when something is replaced by another thing.2. What does the underlined word “heyday” mean(in para. 6)?2. C词义推测题。根据第六段more than 1 in 3 Stanford students majored in languages, literature, the arts, history, cultural studies and philosophy可知超过1 / 3的斯 坦福学生主修人文学科, 与现在10%的数据比较起来, 那是 个 主修文科的鼎盛时期。A. Only 10% of university students major in the humanities. B. More and more students choose science as their major. C. More students study the humanities in Stanford than other universities. D. The trend of what major to study has never changed3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 7?3.B细节理解题。由第六段最后一句可知。A. Because the humanities cant help students find jobs. B. Because students never care about life meaning. C. Because students believe science can help them get high-paid jobs. D. Because the tuition fees of the humanity education are higher.4. Why do students lose interest in the humanities?4. C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段But for students who came of age in the Great Recession, the siren song of science can be tough to resist和最后一段Shakespeare wasnt in it for the money可知, 学生选择理科是因为能 找到赚钱的工作。A. Approving.B. Doubtful. C. Negative.D. Indifferent.5. What is Satzs attitude towards the education of humanities?5. A情感判断题。通过文章最后一段最后一句 But she added humanities students who go on to graduate school and land jobs in tech intensive fields do just fine可知。The 1, 718 incoming students nearly half of whom arrive intending to major in the sciences or engineering listened to a lecture organized by the College of Humanities and Arts, where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportunities, of a liberal arts education.【难句理解】结构分析: nearly half of whom引导一个定语从句, 在这个 定语从句中where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportunities, of a liberal arts education是从句中的另一个定语从句。汉语大意：1718个新入学的学生其中半数 都打算主修科学或者工程学听了一个由人 文艺术学院组织的讲座。在这个讲座中,作为 作家和内科医生的Abraham Verghese赞扬了文科教育的意义和机遇。outnumber v. 数量上超过 humanity students 人文学科的学生 come of age 成年, 长大成人 the Great Recession(经济)大萧条时期 【助读词汇】A. Touching someones arm when talking to him. B. Saying hello to somebody with a warm hug. C. Giving someone a greeting with kisses. D. Not to touch someones arm when meeting him.6. All that arent considered cold in Mediterranean countries are mentioned EXCEPT _.6.D事实细节题。从文中第一段的第一句In Mediterranean countries, if you try not to touch someones arm when talking to them or if you dont greet them with kisses or a warm hug, youll be considered cold.可知答案应选D。(2)短文略，见资料书P88A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.7. How many inadvisable behaviors in Korean are clearly mentioned?7. B事实细节题。从文中第一段的第二句But backslap someone who isnt a family member or a good friend in Korea, and youll make them uncomfortable.与文章倒数 第三段的第一句but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Korea, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and youll be considered disrespectful.可知文章中明确提 到的有两处在韩国属于不得体的行为, 因此答案应选B。A. Annoying.B. Miserable. C. Negative.D. Selfish.8. What does “disgusting” in para. 3 refer to?8. A词义猜测题。从文中第三段的第二句The Japanese and Chinese also dislike the idea of a handkerchief.日本人和中国人也都不喜欢手绢, 可 知disgusting 应与dislike是同一类型的意思, 因此 可知答案应选A。A. Putting on clothes B. Talking over dinner C. Blowing your nose D. Touching someone9. All the following cultural mistakes are described EXCEPT _ .9. A事实细节题。文中的第一、二段描述的内容是 touching someone; 第三、四段描述的内容是blowing your nose; 第五段描述的内容是talking over dinner; 第 六、七段描述的内容是taking off your shoes or not。 putting on clothes这一内容文中没提及，因此答案应选A 。A. political systems B. historical events C. world culture D. popular science10. The passage is likely to be found in a website about _.