Unit 1 Great scientistsWarming upWhat impress you most in 2003?Which person impress you most during the SARS?Zhong Nanshan (钟南山)福建厦门人，出身于医学世家。中国工 程院院士，会长。中国治疗呼吸系统疾病的领军人物。 Lets have a competition!Do you know other scientists?The following is a quiz and lets find out who knows the most.1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B. ArchimedesC. Thomas EdisonA. Charles DarwinArchimedes (287212 BC)Archimedes: Ancient Greek. He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. vGive me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth. v -Archimedes2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?A. Marie CurieC. Charles DarwinB. Gregor MendelCharlie Darwin(1808-1882)Britain naturalist. The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. His book showed that people had developed from apes.3.Who invent the first steam engine?A. Thomas NewcomenC. Thomas EdisonB. ArchimedesBritish,improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. (1663-1729)Thomas Newcomen4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.A. Thomas EdisonC. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel 格里哥孟德尔（奥地利遗传学家Gregor Mendel Czech (18221884)Gregor Mendel. The father of genetic. He grew pea plants and developed ideas on inherited characteristics. Between 18561863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance(遗传).5. Who discovered radium?A. Marie CurieC. NewtonB. Zhang Heng(1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)Marie Curie (1867-1934) was born in Poland, moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics there. She married Pierre Curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her death in 1934 was almost certainly due to radiation in her work.6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes(1847-1931) an American inventorThomas Edison(1847-1931)He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.Thomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonographfunr:f 留声 机LightbulbMotion Pictures 电影 7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A. Gregor MendelC. Marie CurieB. Leonardo da Vinci莱昂纳多达芬奇 (1452-1519) Italian artistLeonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. One of his famous paintings includes the “The Last Supper”. 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A. Sir Humphry Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen(1778-1829) British,英国化学家煤矿安全灯发明者汉弗莱戴维爵士 Sir Humphry Davy (17781829)British. He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.(麻醉药) In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?A. Charles DarwinC. Watt B. Zhang Heng(78-139) Chinese, invented seismographZhang Heng ,Chinese( 78-139)He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragons head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth, making a noise.10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A. Stephen HawkingB.史蒂芬霍金（英国著名物理学家） C. CopernicusB. Archimedes(1942-) a British astronomerStephen Hawking,British(1942- )He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies( 银河系). This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.John SnowvBritish ( 1813 1858) va legendary(传奇的) figure in the history of public health, epidemiology epi,di:mildi （流行 病学） and anesthesiology（麻 醉学） Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?seven stages发现问题 提出假设 思考方法 收集资料 分析结果 寻找证据 得出结论THINKWORK FINDDo scientific research (The pro