一、药材来源一、药材来源1. 1.植植( (动动) )物来源的药材的来源部分的一般译法为物来源的药材的来源部分的一般译法为: : 药材英文名称药材英文名称is is the the 药用部位药用部位( (名词单数名词单数) ) of of 植植( (动动) )物拉丁学名物拉丁学名 属名和种属名和种( (变种变种) )加词为斜体字加词为斜体字( (科名科名). ).例：例：Pummelo Pummelo Peel Peel is is the the dried dried unripe unripe or or almost almost ripe ripe exocarp exocarp of of Citrus Citrus grandisgrandis “ “TomentosaTomentosa” ” or or Citrus Citrus grandisgrandis (L.) (L.) Osbeck Osbeck (Fam. (Fam. Rutaceae). Rutaceae). 本品为芸香科植物化州柚本品为芸香科植物化州柚Citrus Citrus grandigrandi“ “TomentosaTomentosa” ”或柚或柚Citrus grandis(L.)OsbeckCitrus grandis(L.)Osbeck的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮。的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮。2. 2.药材的采收与产地加工部分的一般译法为药材的采收与产地加工部分的一般译法为: :用用The The drugdrug作主语，单数。用被动语态，不用主动语态。作主语，单数。用被动语态，不用主动语态。“ “采收采收 ” ”用用“ “to to be be collectedcollected” ”( (不用不用“ “to to be be pickedpicked” ”，“ “to to be be dug dug upup” ”等等) )。“ “ 除去杂质除去杂质” ”等等( (名词单数名词单数) )用用“ “removed removed from from foreign foreign mattermatter” ”, ,“ “洗净洗净 ” ”用用“ “washed washed cleanclean” ”, ,“ “干燥干燥” ”用用“ “drieddried” ”， “ “晒干晒干” ”为为“ “dried dried in in the the sunsun” ”，“ “阴干阴干” ”为为“ “dried dried in in the the shadeshade” ”, ,“ “低温干燥低温干燥” ”为为“ “dried dried at at a a lower lower temperaturetemperature” ”。“ “栽培变种栽培变种” ”为为“ “cultivarcultivar” ”。“ “泥砂泥砂” ”为为“ “soilsoil” ” 。“ “须根须根. .细根细根” ”：“ “fibrous fibrous rootroot” ”用于单子叶植物、根茎上的不定用于单子叶植物、根茎上的不定 根，根，“ “rootletrootlet” ”用于双子叶植物主根上的细小侧根、支根。用于双子叶植物主根上的细小侧根、支根。n n例例1 1 The The drug drug is is collected collected in in autumn, autumn, removed removed from from foreign foreign matter, washed clean, and dried in the sun.matter, washed clean, and dried in the sun.n n例例2 2 The The drug drug is is collected collected at at flowering flowering to to fruiting fruiting stage, stage, removed from thick stem, cut into section, and dried.removed from thick stem, cut into section, and dried.n n( (注注: :中国药典中国药典20052005年版一部英文版药用部位采用名词单数年版一部英文版药用部位采用名词单数, ,如如 stem, leaf, fibrous root, rootletstem, leaf, fibrous root, rootlet等等). ).二、理化鉴别二、理化鉴别1. 1.化学鉴别化学鉴别n nShake Shake 0. 0. 5 5 g g of of the the powder powder with with 5 5 ml ml of of ethanol ethanol for for 5 5 minutes minutes and and filter. filter. Evaporate Evaporate the the filtrate filtrate to to dryness, dryness, add add dropwise dropwise antimony antimony trichloride trichloride saturation saturation solution solution inin chloroform chloroform and and evaporate evaporate again again to to dryness. dryness. A A violetviolet-red colour is produced. -red colour is produced. n n取本品粉末取本品粉末0.5g0.5g，加乙醇，加乙醇5ml5ml，振摇，振摇5 5分钟，滤过，滤分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，滴加三氯化锑饱和的三氯甲烷溶液，再蒸液蒸干，滴加三氯化锑饱和的三氯甲烷溶液，再蒸干，即显紫红色。干，即显紫红色。 2. 2.薄层鉴别薄层鉴别（1 1）经常用到需统一的词汇和短语：）经常用到需统一的词汇和短语：a. a.超声处理超声处理 用用ultrasonicateultrasonicateb.b.提取提取 用用extractextractc. c.温浸温浸 用用 warm maceratewarm macerated.d.水浴加热水浴加热 用用heat on a water bathheat on a water bathe. e.对照品（对照品溶液）对照品（对照品溶液） 用用 “ “对照品名对照品名” ”加加“ “CRSCRS” ”表示表示（reference solutionreference solution）; ; 对照药材（对照药材溶液）对照药材（对照药材溶液） 用用reference drugreference drug（reference drug solutionreference drug solution）; ; 供试供试品溶液品溶液 用用test solution test solution f. f.薄层板薄层板 : :硅胶硅胶G G薄层板薄层板. . using silica gel G as the coating substance using silica gel G as the coating substance用用1%1%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G G薄层板薄层板. . using using silica silica gel gel G G mixed mixed with with 1% 1% solution solution of of sodium sodium hydroxide as the coating substance hydroxide as the coating substance 含含4%4%醋酸钠的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液为黏合剂的硅胶醋酸钠的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液为黏合剂的硅胶G G薄层板上薄层板上. . using using silica silica gel gel G G mixed mixed with with sodium sodium carboxymethylcellulose carboxymethylcellulose containing containing 4% 4% solution solution of of sodium acetate as the coating substance.sodium acetate as the coating substance.g. g. 斑点斑点 用用spot(s)spot(s)， 条斑条斑 用用 band(s)band(s)h. h. 分别置日光及紫外光灯分别置日光及紫外光灯(365nm)(365nm)下检视，日下检视，日光下显光下显色的斑点；紫外光灯下显色的斑点；紫外光灯下显色的色的 斑点斑点 用用 spot in daylight and spot in daylight and spot spot under ultraviolet light at 365 nm under ultraviolet light at 365 nm respectively.respectively.a. a. 供试品溶液制备供试品溶液制备 常见以下几种情况：常见以下几种情况：n n超声处理提取超声处理提取 To To 9g, 9g, cut cut into into pieces, pieces, add add 20ml 20ml of of ether, ether, ultrasonicate ultrasonicate for for 20 20 minutes, minutes, and and filter. filter. Evaporate Evaporate the the filtrate filtrate to to dryness, dryness, and and dissolve dissolve the the residue residue in in 0.5ml 0.5ml ofofn n-hexane -hexane as as the the test test solution. solution. 取本品取本品9g9g，切碎，加乙醚，切碎，加乙醚20ml20ml，超声，超声 处理处理2020分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加0.5ml 0.5ml 正己烷溶解，作为供试品溶液。（艾附暖宫丸正己烷溶解，作为供试品溶液。（艾附暖宫丸 ）n n加热回流提取加热回流提取 Heat Heat under under reflux reflux 2g, 2g, cut cut into into piecespieces, , with with 20ml 20ml of of ethanol ethanol for for 1 1 hour, hour, cool cool and and filter, filter, use use the the filtrate filtrate as as the the test test solution. solution. 取本品取本品2g2g ，剪碎，加乙醇，剪碎，加乙醇20ml20ml，加热回流，加热回流1 1 小时，放小时，放 冷，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。冷，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶