1Book8 unit1 名词性从句.基本概念：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 . 高考重点要求：1、 掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构2、 弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义3、 根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词.知识归纳一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类：1. 名词性 that 从句，即以 that 为连接词的名词性从句。that 只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。2. 名词性 wh-从句，即以 wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括：连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词：when, where, how, why连接词 whether, if 不充当句子的任何成分。二、主语从句1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that 从句作主语，that 不能省略。That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。2. 很多主语从句都可以用 that 作形式主语。例如：It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. W.w.It remains a question whether he will be able to come.3. It 作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系：1） It + be + adj. + 从句It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.2） It + be + n. + 从句2It is a pity that he missed the lecture.3） It + be + 过去分词 + 从句It is said that they have won the game.4） It + be + vi. + 从句It seems that something is wrong with the computer.三、表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的联系动词之后。that 从句作表语，that 不能省略。表语从句只用 whether，不用 if。The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。四、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作宾语，引导宾语从句的 that 可以省略。 whether 和 if 可互换，但介词宾语或有 or not 时，用 whether.They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑 Jack 是否是一个好学生。They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。五、同位语从句同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分，从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That 从句作同位语，that 不能省略。Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题，会议什么时候举行？ . 难点总结：1.从属连词 that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性，从句还要保持陈述句语序。3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时，一定要用 whether 构成 whether.or 结构。4. That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。3Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。5. 用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be + adj. + that 从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that 已决定c. It + be + n. + that 从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是d. It + be + vi. + that 从句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起6. 选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词 whetheror 或 whetheror not 构成，例如：Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。同步练习一。 1. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where2. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who3. _ Lili will get better soon is _ her mother is worrying about now.A. What ; what B. Whether ; what C. If ; that D. What ; that4. The reason why he was late is _ he got up too late.A. that B. because C. as D. for5. Its a question _ we shall take the entrance examinations.4A. that B. whom C. which D. where6. The girl looked _ she was worrying about her sick mother.A. whether B. that C. even if D. as if7. _ he always serves the people very well is known .A. What B. That C. Which D. Who8. _ Mary can come to the meeting is unknown.A. Whether B. If C. That D. Which9. I want to know _ the leather coat belongs to .A. who B. which C. that D. whom10. _ will get the first prize? Im sure , Li Hua.A. Who do you think B. You think who C. Do you think who D. Whom do you think11. _ the 2016 World Cup will be held in China is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 12. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. _ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up.A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said14. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for15. There is no doubt _.A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthyC. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health16. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master二1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary