HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARYDefinition（定义）A summary is a short account/paragraph giving the main points of something longer or detailed.Summary这是07年广东高考读写任务的新形式和新要求 。（1）如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关 键。（2）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的， 因此许多文章中最明显的特点是有一个反复出 现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住 了它便容易抓住文章的中心。How to sum up a passage?1. Recognize the style of the passage so as to choose the pattern to begin your summary.2. Read through the passage as quick as you can and find the key sentences or key words.3. Use your own words to summarize rather than use the original sentences directly copied from the passage.Styles of passagesnarration1argumentation2exposition3How to sum up a passage? Step1Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁） Functions（功能）Narration (记记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation (议论议论 文)show the writers point of view Exposition(说说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenonTask 1: Please glance through the 3 given passages and recognize the styles of them.Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models(记叙文概要模板) (2)Argumentation Summary Models(议论文概要模板) (3)Exposition Summary Models(说明文概要模板)点明写作目的类： The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节 ）.作者经历类： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which他人经历类： This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(1) 记叙文概要模板(2) 议论文概要模板 The article gives the view thatshould/shouldnt（主题）.（补充论据）. The passage highlights(强调) the importance of sth. The author argues that 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon - （主题), which.（补充解释）. 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) thatThe purpose of the report is to show that(3) 说明文概要模板How to find the key sentences or key words? styles关键键句narrationargumentationexposition抓住who, what happened, 及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句How to sum up a passage? Step2The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么 基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么 基本时态用现在时； (2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写 作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二 人称； (3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分； 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1分； 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得2分； 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序 还有句子结构的，最多得3分； 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5 分。广东高考概括部分评分细则Task 2：Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.(1)Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法 I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法You will fail. You will _. not succeed(3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法Patience is very important. Patience is _.of great importance(4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法 语态变换： Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given简单句变复合句： Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster. Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success. When _, children will achieve more success.which given more praise(5)Use the shortest possible transitions 连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them. We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead of(6) Change the order of the words.词序改变法 The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success(7) Omit the details细节省略法 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead.(8) Make use of the meaning of a sentence 句意理解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._ _More and more people prefer Internet shopping.Task 3: Write a summaryPassage 1关键词 、句 (1)the writer, an old man, fishing, experience, teach sb. a lesson, (2)The secret of success was patience. _had_with _who _.The writer a fishing experiencean old man taught him a lesson词序变化法 Patience was the secret of success.(2 )(1) 连词成句The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson. Patience was the secret of success. 句式变化法 The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson that patience was the secret of success. The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事 情节）.Key for Passage 1:The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man, who taught him a lesson. ( 35 words)Passage 2: 关键句 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. 细节省略法 Dont scold and give praise instead. 词序变化法、连词衔接法