XXXX 年高考英语动词语态语法专题年高考英语动词语态语法专题XX 年高考风向标英语第二部分语法专题专题十一动词的语态1.被动语态的时态。动词的被动语态由动词be 加上过去分词构成，时态通过 be 表现出来。Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.一所藏书五千册的图书馆作为礼物被送与国家。Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.因为糟糕的天气运动会将被延期。whenthefirefightersarrived,thebigfirehadbeenputout.当消防员赶到时，大火已经被扑灭。2.短语动词的被动语态。由“动词+副词+介词”构成的三词动词和一些以介词结尾的成语动词变被动语态时要避免遗漏介词。Thebookisoftenreferredto.这本书经常被参考。3.不及物动词没有被动语态。例如：appear，arrive,belong,break，cometrue，die，escape，fall，happen，last，remain，succeed，takeplace，occur 等。Thenewsquicklyspreadinthecountry.消息很快传遍这个国家。4.有些动词尽管是及物动词但也不能变为被动语态。如：haveon，agreewith，writeto，belongto，have等。Iquiteagreewithyou.我十分同意你的观点。Hisbrotherownsalargecompany.他的兄弟有家大公司。5.有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词。如：sell，wash，wear，shut，open，read，write，cut，end，begin 等；连系动词look，feel，taste，smell，sound 等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词做表语,不能接副词。Theclothlooksgoodandwasheswell.这种布料美观易洗。6.有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义是主动的。Hewasdressedinapolicemansclothesatthattime.他当时穿着警服。Hewasdrunkatthedinner.他在宴会上喝醉了。Thegirlwaslostintheforest.这女孩在森林中迷路了。myunclehasbeenengagedinthestudyofcottongrowingfor20years.我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经 20年了。Theboywasseatedonachair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。Theyarehiddenbehindthetrees.他们躲藏在树后。Thesoldierswerestationedonthetopofthemountain.士兵们驻扎在山顶上。7.注意系表结构和被动语态的区别。前者往往表示主语所处的“某种状态”或是表示“某人引起某种感情”的动词的过去分词；后者则强调动作的执行者或强调动作的反复性过程。直击高考1.Howlong_atthisjob?Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedc.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed2.whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?_.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthemc.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem3.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing,people_shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoc.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto4.Doyoulikethematerial?yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltc.feelsD.isfelt5.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesc.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted6.Allthepreparationsforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completec.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted7.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostc.arelostD.willlose8.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltc.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt答案与分析1.B 从答语 Since1990 我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，since 表示“从过去一直到现在”，因此本空用现在完成时。2.A 本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在 thepricelessworksofart 的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将 they 放在主语的位置上，they 与 destroy 间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是 A。3.A 在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还要注意 citynoises和 keep 是被动关系4.c 从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选 D 的考生有一些。而实际上 feel 是摸起来的意思，与后面的 soft 是系表结构。作为此意讲时，feel 没有被动语态，也不可用作进行时，故 A、D、B 项不可选。本题区分度为0.357，通过率为 35%。5.D 该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而 complete 与 collection 构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故 D 最佳。本题区分度为 0.451，通过率为 4l%。6.DAllthepreparations 与 complete 之间应为被动关系，故排除 A、B。依据 werereadytostart，故排除 c。7.B 此题是在 if 引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故 B 为最佳。8.D 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故 D 为最佳。专项训练1.Aftertheclass，thestudentswentoutoftheclassroomonebyone,butonlymary_.A.leftB.hadleftc.wasleavingD.wasleft2.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey_tobeusefulmentothecountry.A.wereallexpectedB.wereallexpectingc.allwereexpectedD.allexpected3.He_inashowerlastnightandgotwetthrough.A.caughtB.wascaughtc.hadcaughtD.caughtup4.Thethief_whenhewasstealingawalletfromawoman.A.happenedtonoticeB.wastakenplacetonoticec.washappenedtobenoticedD.happenedtobenoticed5.He_andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didntunderstandB.didntbeunderstoodc.wasntunderstandD.wasntunderstood6.Thepupilshere_allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfewweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingc.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing7.whatwereyoudoingwhenTomcametoseeyou?I_onmyovercoatand_tovisitafriendofmine.A.havejustput;leavingB.wasput;wasleftc.hadjustput;wasleavingD.wasputting;left8.Theysaidgood-bye,hardlyknowingthatthey_again.A.werenevermetB.willnevermeetc.nevermetD.werenevertomeet9.whathappenedtothepostman?Idontknow.He_aroundhereforalongtime.A.hasntseenB.didntseec.wasntseenD.hasntbeenseen10.Dontgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit_.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutc.isntwashedoutD.doesntwashaway11.DoyouknowanyoneinParis?No.Illmakefriendsonce_.A.ImsettledB.Ihavesettledc.IllbesettledD.Imsettling12.Nothavingfinishedhishomework,_towatchTV.A.motherforbadehimB.sohewasforbiddenc.andhewantedD.hewasforbidden13.Bob,you_onthephone._.A.areneeded;ImcomingB.arewanted;comingc.arecalled;IllcomeD.arerungup;Thanks14.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isbeingplayedB.areplayingc.haveplayedD.isplaying15.jackson_toworkingovernmentofficethoughhehatedservingthere.A.wantedB.waswantedc.waswantingD.hadwanted16.yourcoughought_beforeitgetsworse.A.toseeB.tobeseenc.toseetoD.tobeseento17.Imgoingawayfortheweekend.Butyou_you_outtodinnerwithme.A.say;willcomeB.say;camec.said;wouldcomeD.havesaid;willmade18.Idontknowwhatdecisions_attheconferenceasjohnhasntreportedtomeyet.A.wouldmakeB.willmakec.arem