Classification of railway vehiclesFirst, by purpose. There are two major categories of passenger cars and trucks. There are common passenger car seat, soft seat cars, sleeper cars, sleeper cars, dining cars, baggage cars, postal vehicles. Common goods vehicles with flat car, gondola, boxcar, tankers, insulation trucks.The second is the number of points according to the vehicle axle. There are four axes cars, six-axle vehicles, eight-axle vehicles. The more the number of axes, the more the wheels, the load will be.Third, according to the vehicle load points. Such as trucks with 50 tons, 60 tons, 75 tons, 90 tons, such as different load.Axle does not mean the weight of the axle, but the total vehicle weight and the ratio of the number of axes, each pair of vehicle wheels is added to the track gravity (weight + load). Axle load of vehicles subject to the maximum allowable track and bridge load. At present, Chinas railway lines maximum allowable axle load of 25 tonnes. That is, in the same line, in order to pull more goods (such as heavy freight trains) vehicles must increase the number of axes, using multi-axis drive to share the weight of each axle.Edit this paragraph the basic structure of the vehicleAlthough many types of vehicles, construction was largely the same. It should be said that the standardization of credit, but also the need for large-scale production lines. In recent years, with the development of society, technological advances and changes in demand, the railway began to change the shape of the vehicle, especially passenger cars are no longer exclusively the old faces. But their basic structure and no major changes, just specific parts have a more scientific and advanced structural design. In general, the basic structure of the vehicle body, vehicle chassis, running gear, brake coupler cushioning unit and five major components.BodyworkThe body is the vehicle carriage of goods or passengers altar part is installed and connected to other components of the vehicles foundation. Early vehicle bodywork mostly wooden structure, supplemented by steel, arched rod, etc. to strengthen. Modern body with steel or light metal structure basedTruck bodyMain components of the side wall (wall), the end wall (wall), roof, etc. The body consists of many vertical steel beams and transverse beams (columns) composed of the body through the center plate or chassis side bearing supported on the bogie. Body steel structure bear weight, load, and the weight of the whole shock and spring on the wheel-rail vibration and vertical dynamic load; trains starting, speed, up and down ramps, arising between the vehicle traction and compression impact force, etc. longitudinal load; well, including wind, centrifugal force, pressure and other goods on the sidewall lateral loads.Car BodyAll-metal welded structure, the chassis, side walls, roof and side walls of four parts welded together. Welded steel frame outside the metal floor. Side wall panels, roof panels and the end wall, the lower part forming an upper rectangular with rounded closed shell, commonly known as thin-walled tubular body structure. Except that the inner surface of the housing member and the lateral longitudinal beams, the pillar reinforcement, but also by way of wall to replace part beading rod to enhance the strength and rigidity, combined to form a buried structure of the whole bearing. Passenger vehicle must have good insulation properties. For guests to easily get on and off, the bus has passed across the stage and through the outer end of table settings and crossing the plate fold roof to prevent rain and cold air intrusion. In addition to setting the car body doors, seats and sleeper, the need to install sanitation, ventilation, water supply equipment, automotive electrical equipment, heating equipment, broadcasting equipment and air-conditioning devices.Car chassisThe underframe is composed of a variety of longitudinal and transverse beams of a rectangular frame. It is supporting the body, the body of the foundation. Car chassis to withstand the upper body and loading the full weight of material, and through the upper and lower heart weight plate will pass running gear. The train is running, it also withstand traction locomotives and rolling stock in operation caused by impact forces and a variety of other external forces. Therefore, it must have sufficient strength and rigidity to durable. Car chassis trucks generally Central beams, side beams, corbels, beams, side beams and floor beams and other components. Located in the center of the beam chassis, the chassis is the foundation and the main force rod. Ends of the beam coupler buffer device is installed where direct withstand longitudinal forces. Underframe and bogie bolster is connected to a place in the lower part of the body bolster side bearing and center plate, respectively, and Bogie pillow under the lower side bearings and center plate relative. It is a larger force, the burden of the entir